Oxidative stress is defined as an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to an imbalance between antioxidant and oxidants. Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) are uremic toxins created during oxidative stress through the reaction of chlorinated oxidants, such as chloramines and hypochlorous acid, with plasma proteins. AOPPs are structurally similar to Advanced Glycation End-Product (AGE) proteins and exert similar biological activities. AOPPs are elevated in patients with renal complications, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, systemic sclerosis, as well as HIV-positive patients. Human Serum Albumin (HSA) treated with HOCl and AOPP generated in vivo can ignite oxidative reactions in both neutrophils and monocytes, which indicates both can be used as true mediators of inflammation. Although the mechanisms of AOPP degradation and elimination from the blood remain to be fully elucidated, it appears that the liver and spleen are mostly responsible for their isolation and removal.
2. Servettaz, A. et al. (2007) Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66: 1202-1209.
3. Witko-Sarsat, V. et al. (1996) Kidney International 49: 1304-1313.
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Product Notes
The AOPP-Human Serum Albumin (AOPP-HSA) (Catalog #AAA169060) is a Native Protein and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. AOPP-HSA Conjugate is a simple, reproducible, and consistent control for assays measuring the detection of advanced oxidation protein products in plasma, lysates, and tissue homogenates. The AOPP-HSA concentration was determined from a Chloramine equivalence standard. Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the AOPP-Human Serum Albumin (AOPP-HSA) for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "AOPP-Human Serum Albumin (AOPP-HSA), Native Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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