Principle of the Assay: This assay is a sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the measurement of mouse IL-1alpha (IL-1alpha) in cell culture supernatants, serum and plasma. A monoclonal antibody specific for IL-1alphahas been pre-coated onto the 96-well microtiter plate. Standards (STD) and samples are pipetted into the wells for binding to the coated antibody. After extensive washing to remove unbound compounds, IL-1alphais recognized by the addition of a biotinylated monoclonal antibody specific for IL-1alpha?(DET). After removal of excess biotinylated antibody, streptavidin-peroxidase (STREP-HRP) is added. Following a final washing, peroxidase activity is quantified using the substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The intensity of the color reaction is measured at 450 nm after acidification and is directly proportional to the concentration of IL-1alpha?in the samples!!Background/Introduction: The IL-1 family consists of two pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra or IL-1RN). The two IL-1 isoforms (alpha and beta) are encoded by distinct genes but are structurally related and bind to the same receptors that exists in two major forms, Type I (IL-1R1) and Type II (IL-1R2) (1). The major biological roles of IL-1 are described as endogenous pyrogen, leukocyte endogenous mediator, lymphocyte, beta-cell, osteoclast, epidermal cell derived thymocyte activating factor, hematopoietin-1 and mononuclear cell factor (1). IL-1alpha plays a central role in cell growth, tissue repair and chronic inflammatory diseases (1). IL-1alpha is a unique member in the cytokine family which is synthesized as a 33 kDa precursor protein, ProIL-1alpha (1). The mature form p17 results by removal of N-terminal amino acids from ProIL-1alpha. Recently, it has been shown that the mature form p17 of IL-1alpha is the active cytokine. The ProIL-1alpha is poorly active due to its binding to the inhibitory intracellular IL-1R2 protein. Upon inflammasome activation, caspase-1 specifically cleaves IL-1R2, causing release of ProIL-?alpha followed by its processing into a 17 kDa mature form by the calcium-dependent, membrane-associated cysteine protease, called calpain (3). Mature IL-1alpha is released into the extracellular compartment while the IL-1alpha N-terminal prodomain (1-115 amino acids) is located in the nucleus (1). The proinflammatory properties of IL-1alpha may be relevant to the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. IL-1alpha?also has powerful effects on adaptive immunity by enhancing expansion and survival of T cells, differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and effector T cell proliferation in the presence of regulatory T cells (2). IL-1alpha is not commonly found in the circulation or in body fluids, except if the cytokine might be released from dying cells (4) or secreted upon inflammasome activation (5). Increased IL-1alphaactivity is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, gout, diabetes, atherosclerosis and psoriasis (1).
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The IL-10 (Catalog #AAA495288) is an ELISA Kit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "IL-10, ELISA Kit" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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