Principle of the Assay: This assay is a sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the measurement of mouse progranulin in biological fluids. A polyclonal antibody specific for progranulin has been precoated onto the 96-well microtiter plate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells for binding to the coated antibody. After extensive washing to remove unbound compounds, progranulin is recognized by the addition of a biotinylated polyclonal antibody specific for progranulin (Detection Antibody). After removal of excess biotinylated antibody, HRP labeled streptavidin (STREP-HRP) is added. Following a final washing, peroxidase activity is quantified using the substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The intensity of the color reaction is measured at 450 nm after acidification and is directly proportional to the concentration of progranulin in the samples!!Background/Introduction: The granulins are a family of cysteine-rich polypeptides, some of which have growth modulatory activity. The widespread occurrence of granulin mRNA in cells from the hematopoietic system and in epithelia implies important functions in these tissues. All 4 known human granulin-like peptides are encoded in a single precursor, progranulin, which has a highly conserved 12-cysteine backbone defining a consensus sequence that is repeated 7 times (1). Progranulin is a 593-amino acid glycoprotein, the mRNA of which is expressed in many epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. He and Bateman demonstrated that overexpression of the progranulin gene in SW-13 adrenal carcinoma cells and MDCK nontransformed renal epithelia resulted in transfection-specific secretion of progranulin, acquired clonogenicity in semisolid agar, and increased mitosis in monolayer culture, whereas diminution of progranulin gene expression impaired growth of these cells (2). They proposed that the rate of growth of some epithelia is proportional to the level of intrinsic progranulin gene expression, and that elevated progranulin gene expression confers a transformed phenotype on epithelial cells including anchorage independence in vitro and growth as tumors in nude mice. They also found that in murine transcutaneous puncture wounds, progranulin mRNA is expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate and is highly induced in dermal fibroblasts and endothelia following injury. When applied to a cutaneous wound, progranulin increased the accumulation of neutrophils, macrophages, blood vessels, and fibroblasts in the wound. It acted directly on isolated dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote division, migration, and the formation of capillary-like tubule structures, concluding that progranulin is, therefore, probably a wound-related growth factor (3). Due to its tumor-promoting activity and multiple functions on hematopoietic cells and endotheial cells, progranulin can be a novel marker for oncology and hematology.
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The granulin (Catalog #AAA495257) is an ELISA Kit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "Progranulin, ELISA Kit" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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