Principle of the Assay: This assay is a sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the measurement of human IL-37 in biological fluids. A polyclonal antibody specific for IL-37 has been pre-coated onto the 96-well microtiter plate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells for binding to the coated antibody. After extensive washing to remove unbound compounds, IL-37 is recognized by the addition of a polyclonal antibody specific for IL-37 (Detection Antibody). After removal of excess polyclonal antibody, HRP conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (HRP) is added. Following a final washing, peroxidase activity is quantified using the substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The intensity of the color reaction is measured at 450 nm after acidification and is directly proportional to the concentration of IL-37 in the samples!!Background/Introduction: The cytokine interleukin-1 elicits a wide array of biologic activities that initiate and promote the host response to injury or infection by activating a set of transcription factors, including NFKB and AP1, which in turn induce production of effectors of the inflammatory response. By computational cloning a cDNA encoding IL-1F7 was isolated to some homology to IL-1 originally called FIL1-zeta. The deduced 192-amino acid protein contains a 15-to 30-amino acid prodomain. Although there are multiple splicing variants, IL-1F7b isoform is a 30 kDa protein and shares critical amino acid residues with IL-18 (1-2). After rigorous activity tests IL-1F7 was officially designated IL-37 (3). IL-37 mRNA has been detected in various hematopoietic organs as well as in other tissues (1). It has been shown that IL-37 is strongly expressed intracellularly in human monocytes whose expression can be further upregulated by LPS (4). IL-37 was shown to bind to the IL-18R without eliciting signal transduction (5). An immunologic capability associated with IL-37 was shown that intratumoral expression of IL-37 by adenovirus induces Th1-dependent anti-tumor immunity (6). Although IL-37 does not contain a canonical signal peptide at the NH2-terminus, multiple protein species of IL-37 were detected in the culture supernatants with an overexpression of IL-37 (6). One interesting feature IL-37 exhibits is that upon LPS stimulation the NH2-terminal prodomain encompassing 1st-45th amino acid residues is cleaved by caspase-1 and the resulting mature IL-37 actively translocates into the nucleus, suppressing the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and MIP-2. Interaction of Smad3 with the translocated IL-37 has been an acting mechanism for the IL-37-mediated anti-inflammation (3), suggesting that IL-37 is a potent inhibitor of innate immunity. Measurement of intracellular IL-37 upon danger signals or proinflammatory cues would provide a novel insight into anti-inflammation.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
Uniprot Description
Participates in at least several B-cell activation processes as well as of other cell types. It is a costimulator of DNA-synthesis. It induces the expression of class II MHC molecules on resting B-cells. It enhances both secretion and cell surface expression of IgE and IgG1. It also regulates the expression of the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) on both lymphocytes and monocytes. Positively regulates IL31RA expression in macrophages.
Research Articles on IL-4
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Product Notes
The IL-4 il4 (Catalog #AAA495362) is an ELISA Kit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "IL-4, ELISA Kit" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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