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Testing Data
OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) Assay Kit
OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) Assay Kit
Synonyms
OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH); OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) Assay Kit; OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) assay kit
Preparation and Storage
Upon receipt, store the NADPH at -80 degree C. Prepare single use aliquots and avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Store the remaining kit components at 4 degree C.
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Related Product Information for OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) assay kit
Principle of the Assay: The OxiSelect™ Total Glutathione Assay Kit is a quantitative assay for measuring the total glutathione content within a sample (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione Reductase reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of NADPH. Subsequently, the chromogen reacts with the thiol group of GSH to produce a colored compound that absorbs at 405 nm (Figure 1). The total glutathione content in unknown samples is determined by comparison with the predetermined glutathione standard curve. The rate of chromophore production is proportional to the concentration of glutathione within the sample. The rate can be determined from the absorbance change over time. Metaphosphoric acid is provided to remove interfering proteins or enzymes from samples.
Background/Introduction: Oxidative stress occurs when there is an excess of free radicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the body. Research has shown that excessive ROS accumulation will lead to cellular injury, such as damage to DNA, proteins, and lipid membranes. ROS damage has been implicated in the development of many physiological problems, such as ageing, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, Down's Syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases. Glutathione is a key intracellular tripeptide thiol composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. Glutathione helps protect cells from free radical damage by acting as an antioxidant. Within cells, glutathione exists in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) states. In healthy cells and tissue, more than 90% of the total glutathione pool is in the reduced form (GSH) while less than 10% exists in the disulfide form (GSSG). The high GSH concentration is because the enzyme that transitions it from its oxidized state (GSSG), glutathione reductase, is constitutively active and inducible upon oxidative stress. An increased GSSG-to-GSH ratio is considered indicative of oxidative stress. Reduced glutathione's thiol group provides reducing equivalents to other unstable ROS, which in turn becomes unstable itself. This unstable GSH readily reacts with another unstable GSH to form a stable GSSG molecule. This reaction is prevalent since glutathione is present in high concentrations. GSSG is subsequently converted to GSH again by the enzyme glutathione reductase. In addition to its role in oxidative stress, glutathione also helps maintain exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E. Glutathione is involved with the breakdown of peroxides. It has a role in regulating the nitric acid cycle. Glutathione can directly bind many inorganic and organic xenobiotic (foreign chemicals) and carcinogenic compounds, such as the heavy metals mercury and arsenic. It is important to the proper function and maximum effect of the immune system. In addition, glutathione is fundamentally involved with many metabolic and biochemical mechanisms such as protein and prostaglandin synthesis, DNA synthesis and repair, maintenance of disulfie bonds in proteins, enzyme activation and amino acid transport across cell membranes. The OxiSelect™ Total Glutathione Assay Kit is a quantitative assay for measuring the total concentration of glutathione, which encompasses both reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) from plasma, blood, saliva, urine, tissue extracts, and plant or mammalian cell lysates. The kit employs a simple enzymatic recycling reaction for total glutathione quantification. The kit has a detection sensitivity limit of 8 nM. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 100 assays, including standard curve and unknown samples.
Background/Introduction: Oxidative stress occurs when there is an excess of free radicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the body. Research has shown that excessive ROS accumulation will lead to cellular injury, such as damage to DNA, proteins, and lipid membranes. ROS damage has been implicated in the development of many physiological problems, such as ageing, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, Down's Syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases. Glutathione is a key intracellular tripeptide thiol composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. Glutathione helps protect cells from free radical damage by acting as an antioxidant. Within cells, glutathione exists in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) states. In healthy cells and tissue, more than 90% of the total glutathione pool is in the reduced form (GSH) while less than 10% exists in the disulfide form (GSSG). The high GSH concentration is because the enzyme that transitions it from its oxidized state (GSSG), glutathione reductase, is constitutively active and inducible upon oxidative stress. An increased GSSG-to-GSH ratio is considered indicative of oxidative stress. Reduced glutathione's thiol group provides reducing equivalents to other unstable ROS, which in turn becomes unstable itself. This unstable GSH readily reacts with another unstable GSH to form a stable GSSG molecule. This reaction is prevalent since glutathione is present in high concentrations. GSSG is subsequently converted to GSH again by the enzyme glutathione reductase. In addition to its role in oxidative stress, glutathione also helps maintain exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E. Glutathione is involved with the breakdown of peroxides. It has a role in regulating the nitric acid cycle. Glutathione can directly bind many inorganic and organic xenobiotic (foreign chemicals) and carcinogenic compounds, such as the heavy metals mercury and arsenic. It is important to the proper function and maximum effect of the immune system. In addition, glutathione is fundamentally involved with many metabolic and biochemical mechanisms such as protein and prostaglandin synthesis, DNA synthesis and repair, maintenance of disulfie bonds in proteins, enzyme activation and amino acid transport across cell membranes. The OxiSelect™ Total Glutathione Assay Kit is a quantitative assay for measuring the total concentration of glutathione, which encompasses both reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) from plasma, blood, saliva, urine, tissue extracts, and plant or mammalian cell lysates. The kit employs a simple enzymatic recycling reaction for total glutathione quantification. The kit has a detection sensitivity limit of 8 nM. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 100 assays, including standard curve and unknown samples.
Product Categories/Family for OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) assay kit
References
1. Anderson, M. Glutathione in Free radicals, A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, New York; 1996.
2. Halliwell, B, Gutteridge, J.M.C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford University Press, New York; 1999.
3. Julius, M., et al. J. Clin. Epidemiol. (1994) 47: 1021-1026.
4. Mytilineou, C., et al. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. (2002) 8: 385-387.
1. Mateo, D. et al. (2015). Comparative cytotoxicity evaluation of different size gold nanoparticles in human dermal fibroblasts. J Exp Nanosci. doi:10.1080/17458080.2015.1014934.
2. Simon, B. R. et al. (2015). Cadmium alters the formation of Benzo[a]Pyrene DNA adducts in the RPTEC/TERT1 human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line. Toxicol Rep. 14:391-400.
3. Shen, Y. B. et al. (2014). Effect of feed grade L-methionine on growth performance and gut health in nursery pigs compared with conventional DL-methionine. J Anim Sci. 92:5530-5539.
4. Hall, J. A. et al. (2014). Effect of transport on blood selenium and glutathione status in feeder lambs. J Anim Sci. 92:4115-4122.
5. Lim, J.H. et al. (2014). Targeting mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in melanoma causes metabolic compensation through glucose and glutamine utilization. Cancer Res. 74:3535-3545.
6. Mohammad, M. K. et al. (2014). Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) juice modulates oxidative damage induced by low dose X-ray in mice. Biomed Res Int. 2014:512834.
7. Mohamed, M. I. et al. (2014). Induction of oxidative stress following low dose ionizing radiation in ICR mice. World J Med Sci. 10:198-203.
8. Mani, S. et al. (2013). Decreased endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide accelerates atherosclerosis. Circulation. 127: 2523-2534.
9. Karakus, E. et al. (2013). Agomelatine: an antidepressant with new potent hepatoprotective effects on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. Human and Experimental Toxicology. 10.01177/0960327112472994.
2. Halliwell, B, Gutteridge, J.M.C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford University Press, New York; 1999.
3. Julius, M., et al. J. Clin. Epidemiol. (1994) 47: 1021-1026.
4. Mytilineou, C., et al. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. (2002) 8: 385-387.
1. Mateo, D. et al. (2015). Comparative cytotoxicity evaluation of different size gold nanoparticles in human dermal fibroblasts. J Exp Nanosci. doi:10.1080/17458080.2015.1014934.
2. Simon, B. R. et al. (2015). Cadmium alters the formation of Benzo[a]Pyrene DNA adducts in the RPTEC/TERT1 human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line. Toxicol Rep. 14:391-400.
3. Shen, Y. B. et al. (2014). Effect of feed grade L-methionine on growth performance and gut health in nursery pigs compared with conventional DL-methionine. J Anim Sci. 92:5530-5539.
4. Hall, J. A. et al. (2014). Effect of transport on blood selenium and glutathione status in feeder lambs. J Anim Sci. 92:4115-4122.
5. Lim, J.H. et al. (2014). Targeting mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in melanoma causes metabolic compensation through glucose and glutamine utilization. Cancer Res. 74:3535-3545.
6. Mohammad, M. K. et al. (2014). Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) juice modulates oxidative damage induced by low dose X-ray in mice. Biomed Res Int. 2014:512834.
7. Mohamed, M. I. et al. (2014). Induction of oxidative stress following low dose ionizing radiation in ICR mice. World J Med Sci. 10:198-203.
8. Mani, S. et al. (2013). Decreased endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide accelerates atherosclerosis. Circulation. 127: 2523-2534.
9. Karakus, E. et al. (2013). Agomelatine: an antidepressant with new potent hepatoprotective effects on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. Human and Experimental Toxicology. 10.01177/0960327112472994.
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Product Notes
The OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) (Catalog #AAA168487) is an Assay Kit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH), Assay Kit" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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