Scientific Background: SNCG or synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1) is a member of the synuclein family of proteins which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. SNCG gene may also be overexpressed in ovarian cancers (1). The overexpression of SNCG may indicate breast cancer malignant progression from benign or in situ carcinoma. SNCG may also play a role in motor neurons dysfunction and cell death (2). Synuclein proteins play an important role in regulating neurotransmitter release from specific populations of midbrain dopamine neurons through mechanisms that differ from those reported in other neurons.
2. Lavedan, C. et.al: Absence of mutation in the beta- and gamma-synuclein genes in familial autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. DNA Research 5: 401-402, 1998.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene encodes a member of the synuclein family of proteins which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with breast tumor development. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]
Uniprot Description
Function: Plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases
By similarity. May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin. Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway
By similarity.
Subunit structure: May be a centrosome-associated protein.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm › perinuclear region. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › microtubule organizing center › centrosome. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › spindle. Note: Associated with centrosomes in several interphase cells. In mitotic cells, localized to the poles of the spindle. Ref.7
Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in brain, particularly in the substantia nigra. Also expressed in the corpus callosum, heart, skeletal muscle, ovary, testis, colon and spleen. Weak expression in pancreas, kidney and lung.
Post-translational modification: Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by GRK5 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. Ref.6
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the synuclein family.