Human Proinsulin ELISA Kit | INS elisa kit

Human Proinsulin ELISA KIT

Cat. Num. AAA9424816

• Gene Names: INS; IDDM; ILPR; IRDN; IDDM1; IDDM2; MODY10
• Reactivity: Human
• Synonyms: Proinsulin; Human Proinsulin ELISA KIT; Human Proinsulin; INS elisa kit

• Reactivity: Human
• Specificity: Natural and recombinant Human Proinsulin Ligand

• Assay Type: Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
• Samples: Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin)
• Detection Range: 156.25-10000pg/mL
• Sensitivity: 70pg/mL
• Assay Time: 3 hours
• Sample Volume: 20 uL
• Detection Method: Colorimetric
• Preparation and Storage: Store at 4 degree C

Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)

(Representative standard curve for Proinsulin ELISA. Proinsulin was diluted in serial two-fold steps in Sample Diluent.)

Related Product Information for INS elisa kit

Proinsulin is synthesized as a single chain, 110 amino acid (aa) preproprecursor that contains a 24 aa signal sequence and an 86 aa proinsulin propeptide. Following removal of the signal peptide, the proinsulin peptide undergoes further proteolysis to generate mature insulin, a 51 aa disulfidelinked dimer that consists of a 30 aa B chain (aa 2554) bound to a 21 aa A chain (aa 90110). The 34 aa intervening peptide (aa 5589)that connects the B and A chains is termed the Cpeptide.Human proinsulin shares 84% and 80% aa sequence identity with rat and bovine proinsulin, respectively. Most of the sequence variation between species occurs in the region of the Cpeptide (1). This peptide generates a structural conformation that allows for the correct formation of the intrachain disulphide bonds (1). Insulin is a molecule that facilitates the cellular uptake of glucose. This is accomplished by regulating the appearance of membrane glucose transporters. Low insulin levels or lack of insulin are associated with type 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus, respectively. These conditions are associated with an increased risk for microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy (3). Proinsulin also circulates, but its physiologic role is less well understood. It does possess about 25% of the activity of mature insulin, but it would seem unlikely to be a natural substitute for insulin (4). In type 2 diabetes, an elevated proinsulin to insulin ratio in the circulation is a well known abnormality (59). Perhaps this abnormality represents either compromised proteolytic processing or a general inability to process increased levels of insulin precursor (5). In any event, proinsulin will stimulate amylin secretion by bcells, and amyloid formation in pancreatic islets that promotes decreased b cell function (10). Studies also suggest that fasting serum proinsulin may be a better predictor of future type 2 diabetes than fasting insulin levels in obese children (11).

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 59036749
• NCBI GeneID: 3630
• Molecular Weight: 21,537 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: proinsulin
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: insulin
• NCBI Official Symbol: INS
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: IDDM; ILPR; IRDN; IDDM1; IDDM2; MODY10
• NCBI Protein Information: insulin
• UniProt Protein Name: Insulin
• Protein Family: Insulin
• UniProt Gene Name: INS

NCBI Description

After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

Uniprot Description

Insulin: Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds. Belongs to the insulin family.

Protein type: Hormone; Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11p15.5

Cellular Component: endoplasmic reticulum lumen; ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; extracellular region; extracellular space; Golgi lumen; Golgi membrane; transport vesicle

Molecular Function: hormone activity; identical protein binding; insulin receptor binding; insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; protease binding; protein binding

Biological Process: activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; activation of protein kinase B; acute-phase response; alpha-beta T cell activation; cell-cell signaling; cellular protein metabolic process; cognition; ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; fatty acid homeostasis; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; glucose homeostasis; glucose transport; insulin receptor signaling pathway; MAPKKK cascade; negative regulation of acute inflammatory response; negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process; negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process; negative regulation of lipid catabolic process; negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity; negative regulation of protein catabolic process; negative regulation of protein oligomerization; negative regulation of protein secretion; negative regulation of proteolysis; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; positive regulation of cytokine secretion; positive regulation of DNA replication; positive regulation of glucose import; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of glycolysis; positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade; positive regulation of mitosis; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; positive regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; regulation of amino acid metabolic process; regulation of protein localization; regulation of protein secretion; regulation of synaptic plasticity; regulation of transmembrane transporter activity; wound healing

Disease: Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-dependent, 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Neonatal; Hyperproinsulinemia; Maturity-onset Diabetes Of The Young, Type 10