Gremlin 1/GREM1 Active Protein | GREM1 active protein

Gremlin 1/GREM1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His Tag)

Cat. Num. AAA8122462

• Gene Names: Grem1; ld; Drm; Grem; Cktsf1b1
• Purity: >88% as determined by SDS-PAGE
• Synonyms: Gremlin 1/GREM1; Gremlin 1/GREM1 Protein; Mouse; Recombinant (His Tag); Mouse Gremlin 1/GREM1 Protein (His Tag); Cktsf1b1 Protein; Drm Protein; Grem Protein; ld Protein; gremlin 1; DAN family BMP antagonist; GREM1 active protein

• Host: Baculovirus-Insect Cells
• Purity/Purification: >88% as determined by SDS-PAGE
• Form/Format: Lyophilized from sterile 20mM Tris, 500mM NaCl, pH7.4, 10% gly, 0.5mM EDTA, 3mM DTT. Normally 5%-8% trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization. Please refer to the specific buffer information in the hard copy of C
• Sequence: Met1-Asp184

• Species: Mouse
• Activity: Measured by its ability to inhibit recombinant human BMP4-induced alkaline phosphatase production by MC3T3-E1 cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 1-7ug/mL in the presence of 50ng/mL of recombinant human BMP4.
• Endotoxin: <1.0EU per ug of the protein as determined by the LAL method
• Predicted N Terminal: Lys 25
• Tag: C-His
• Protein Construction: A DNA sequence encoding the mouse GREM1 (O70326)(Met1-Asp184) was fused with a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus.
• Reconstitution: A hardcopy of COA with reconstitution instruction is sent along with the products. Please refer to it for detailed information.
• Preparation and Storage: Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt at -20 degree C to -80 degree C. Store it under sterile conditions at -20 degree C to -80 degree C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.; In general, recombinant proteins are provided as lyophilized powder which are shipped at ambient temperature. Bulk packages of recombinant proteins are provided as frozen liquid.; They are shipped out with blue ice.

SDS-Page

Testing Data

(Measured by its ability to inhibit recombinant human BMP4-induced alkaline phosphatase production by MC3T3-E1 cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 1-7 ug/mL in the presence of 50 ng/mL of recombinant human BMP4.)

Related Product Information for GREM1 active protein

Background: GREM1 belongs to the DAN family. It contains 1 CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) domain. GREM1 is a cysteine knot-secreted protein and acts as an inhibitor in the TGF beta signaling pathway. It inhibits BMP-2, -4, and -7. Inhibition by Grem 1 of BMPs in mice allows the expression of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 4 and 8 and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) which are necessary for proper limb development. It interacts with SLIT1 and SLIT2 in a glycosylation-dependent manner. As a cytokine, GREM1 may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. It down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. It also acts as an inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. GREM1 is highly expressed in the small intestine, fetal brain, and colon.

References

Dimitrov BI, et al. (2010) Genomic rearrangements of the GREM1-FMN1 locus cause oligosyndactyly, radio-ulnar synostosis, hearing loss, renal defects syndrome and Cenani--Lenz-like non-syndromic oligosyndactyly. J Med Genet. 47(8):569-74.Heron M, et al. (2011) Genetic variation in GREM1 is a risk factor for fibrosis in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Tissue Antigens. 77(2):112-7.van Vlodrop IJ, et al. (2010) Prognostic significance of Gremlin1 (GREM1) promoter CpG island hypermethylation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 176(2):575-84.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 6754068
• NCBI GeneID: 23892
• NCBI Accession #: NP_035954.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_011824.4
• UniProt Accession #: O70326
• Molecular Weight: 20,710 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: gremlin-1
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
• NCBI Official Symbol: Grem1
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: ld; Drm; Grem; Cktsf1b1
• NCBI Protein Information: gremlin-1
• UniProt Protein Name: Gremlin-1
• Protein Family: Gremlin
• UniProt Gene Name: Grem1
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: Cktsf1b1; Drm
• UniProt Entry Name: GREM1_MOUSE

Uniprot Description

GREM1: Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Interacts with SLIT1 and SLIT2 in a glycosylation- dependent manner. By high glucose through TGFB1-mediated pathways in mesangial cell. Down-regulated in tumor cell lines. Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Weakly expressed in brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. In brain found in the region localized around the internal capsule in the large subcortical nuclei, including caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. Predominantly expressed in normal cells including neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts. Belongs to the DAN family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted

Cellular Component: cell surface; extracellular region; extracellular space

Molecular Function: cytokine activity; heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding; receptor agonist activity; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding

Biological Process: activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; angiogenesis; cell migration during sprouting angiogenesis; cell morphogenesis; cell-cell signaling; collagen fibril organization; determination of dorsal identity; embryonic limb morphogenesis; endothelial cell migration; limb development; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway; negative regulation of bone mineralization; negative regulation of bone remodeling; negative regulation of cell growth; negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis; negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; organ morphogenesis; positive regulation of angiogenesis; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus; positive regulation of receptor internalization; positive regulation of telomerase activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; proximal/distal pattern formation; regulation of focal adhesion formation; regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; signal transduction; ureteric bud branching