SDS-PAGE
AURORA B recombinant protein
AURORA B, Unactive recombinant protein
SDS-PAGE
SDS-PAGE
Scientific Background: AURORA B is a member of the Aurora kinase family that associates with microtubules during chromosome movement and segregation. AURORA B localizes to the microtubules near kinetochores, specifically to the specialized microtubules called K-fibers (1). AURORA B inhibits the microtubule depolymerizing activity of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) by phosphorylating MCAK on Ser92 (2). This phosphorylation also regulates MCAK translocalization from kinetochores to the centromere. AURORA B has been identified as a target for the development of new anticancer agents since inhibition of AURORA B gives rise to the more pronounced antiproliferative phenotype.
2. Andrews, P. D. et al: Aurora B regulates MCAK at the mitotic centromere. Dev. Cell 6: 253-268, 2004.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene encodes a member of the aurora kinase subfamily of serine/threonine kinases. The genes encoding the other two members of this subfamily are located on chromosomes 19 and 20. These kinases participate in the regulation of segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis through association with microtubules. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 8. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]
Uniprot Description
Function: Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. Involved in the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores and is a key regulator for the onset of cytokinesis during mitosis. Required for central/midzone spindle assembly and cleavage furrow formation. AURKB phosphorylates the CPC complex subunits BIRC5/survivin, CDCA8/borealin and INCENP. Phosphorylation of INCENP leads to increased AURKB activity. Other known AURKB substrates involved in centromeric functions and mitosis are CENPA, DES/desmin, GPAF, KIF2C, NSUN2, RACGAP1, SEPT1, VIM/vimentin, GSG2/Haspin, and histone H3. A positive feedback loop involving GSG2 and AURKB contributes to localization of CPC to centromeres. Phosphorylation of VIM controls vimentin filament segregation in cytokinetic process, whereas histone H3 is phosphorylated at 'Ser-10' and 'Ser-28' during mitosis. A positive feedback between GSG2 and AURKB contributes to CPC localization. AURKB is also required for kinetochore localization of BUB1 and SGOL1. Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 negatively regulates its transcriptional activity. Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.24 Ref.25 Ref.26 Ref.29 Ref.31 Ref.42 Ref.43
Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
Cofactor: Magnesium.
Enzyme regulation: Activity is greatly increased when AURKB is within the CPC complex. In particular, AURKB-phosphorylated INCENP acts as an activator of AURKB. Positive feedback between GSG2 and AURKB contributes to CPC localization. Ref.20 Ref.23 Ref.25
Subunit structure: Component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) composed of at least BIRC5/survivin, CDCA8/borealin, INCENP, AURKB and AURKC. Associates with RACGAP1 during M phase. Interacts with CDCA1, EVI5, JTB, NDC80, PSMA3, SEPT1 and TACC1. Interacts with SPDYC; this interaction may be required for proper localization of active, Thr-232-phosphorylated AURKB form during prometaphase and metaphase. Interacts with p53/TP53. Interacts (via the middle kinase domain) with NOC2L (via the N- and C-terminus domains). Interacts with TTC28. Ref.12 Ref.17 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.23 Ref.25 Ref.26 Ref.27 Ref.28 Ref.30 Ref.34 Ref.38 Ref.39 Ref.43 Ref.44 Ref.45
Subcellular location: Nucleus. Chromosome. Chromosome › centromere. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › spindle. Note: Localizes on chromosome arms and inner centromeres from prophase through metaphase and then transferring to the spindle midzone and midbody from anaphase through cytokinesis. Colocalized with gamma tubulin in the mid-body. Proper localization of the active, Thr-232-phosphorylated form during metaphase may be dependent upon interaction with SPDYC. Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.28 Ref.38 Ref.43 Ref.45
Tissue specificity: High level expression seen in the thymus. It is also expressed in the spleen, lung, testis, colon, placenta and fetal liver. Expressed during S and G2/M phase and expression is up-regulated in cancer cells during M phase. Ref.2 Ref.3
Induction: Expression is cell cycle-regulated, with a low in G1/S, an increase during G2 and M. Expression decreases again after M phase. Ref.20 Ref.23 Ref.25
Post-translational modification: The phosphorylation of Thr-232 requires the binding to INCENP and occurs by means of an autophosphorylation mechanism. Thr-232 phosphorylation is indispensable for the AURKB kinase activity.Ubiquitinated by different BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. Ubiquitinated by the BCR(KLHL9-KLHL13) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, ubiquitination leads to removal from mitotic chromosomes and is required for cytokinesis. During anaphase, the BCR(KLHL21) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex recruits the CPC complex from chromosomes to the spindle midzone and mediates the ubiquitination of AURKB. Ubiquitination of AURKB by BCR(KLHL21) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex may not lead to its degradation by the proteasome. Ref.32 Ref.36
Involvement in disease: Disruptive regulation of expression is a possible mechanism of the perturbation of chromosomal integrity in cancer cells through its dominant-negative effect on cytokinesis.
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
Sequence caution: The sequence AAH13300.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened.
Research Articles on AURORA B
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Product Notes
The AURORA B aurkb (Catalog #AAA515183) is a Recombinant Protein produced from Sf9 insect cells and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The tag for this protein is GST tag!!Expression System||Sf9 insect cells using baculovirus!!Source Note||Recombinant full-length human AURORA B was expressed by baculovirus in Sf9 insect cells. AAA Biotech's AURORA B can be used in a range of immunoassay formats including, but not limited to, Kinase Assay, Western Blot (WB). Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the AURORA B aurkb for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "AURORA B, Recombinant Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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