Filters
Clonality
Type
Reactivity
Gene Name
Isotype
Host
Application
Clone
5296 results for " TGF beta" - showing 1800-1850
Western Blot (WB)
(Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells and 293 cells, using GDF15 antibody.)
GDF15, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA9407153)
Full Name
GDF15 Antibody
Gene Names
GDF15; PDF; MIC1; PLAB; MIC-1; NAG-1; PTGFB; GDF-15
Reactivity
Human
Applications
WB
Purity
The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.
Pricing
$245/0.05 mL | $305/0.1 mL | $1,230/5x0.1 mL
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
(Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using ACVL1 antibody)
ACVL1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA839201)
Full Name
ACVL1 antibody
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, EIA
Pricing
$405/0.1 mg | $1,805/5x0.1 mg
Testing Data
(Sample (30 ug of whole cell lysate) A: THP-1 7.5% SDS PAGE Primary antibody diluted at 1: 1000)
TGF beta Receptor III, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA9408045)
Full Name
TGF beta Receptor III antibody
Gene Names
TGFBR3; BGCAN; betaglycan
Reactivity
Human
Applications
WB
Purity
Purified by antigen-affinity chromatography.
Pricing
$420/0.1 mL | $1,740/5x0.1 mL
Western Blot (WB)
(Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells, using TAK1 (Ab-184) antibody.)
TAK1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA9401093)
Full Name
TAK1 (Ab-184) Antibody
Gene Names
MAP3K7; TAK1; MEKK7; TGF1a
Applications
WB
Purity
The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.
Pricing
$245/0.05 mL | $305/0.1 mL | $1,230/5x0.1 mL
SDS-Page
Growth Differentiation Factor 15, Recombinant Protein (Cat# AAA2031510)
Full Name
Recombinant Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15)
Gene Names
GDF15; PDF; MIC1; PLAB; MIC-1; NAG-1; PTGFB; GDF-15
Applications
WB, EIA, IP
Purity
>95%
Pricing
$170/0.01 mg | $320/0.05 mg | $495/0.1 mg | $610/0.2 mg | $1,170/0.5 mg | $1,740/1 mg | $4,265/5 mg
Western Blot (WB)
(Western Blot: Sample: Recombinant protein.)
TGF Beta Inducible Early Response Gene 1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA2027806)
Full Name
Polyclonal Antibody to TGF Beta Inducible Early Response Gene 1 (TIEG1)
Gene Names
Klf10; Tieg; mGIF; Egral; Tieg1; EGR[a]; Gdnfif; TIEG-1; AI115143
Reactivity
Mouse
Applications
WB, ICC, IHC, EIA
Purity
Affinity Chromatography
Pricing
$160/0.1 mL | $195/0.2 mL | $315/0.5 mL | $395/1 mL | $1,140/5x1 mL
Western Blot (WB)
(Western blot analysis of lysates from Hela cell line, untreated or treated with IL-1beta (20 ng/ml) +Calyculin A (100 nM), using (upper) or Tubulin (lower).)
TAK1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA9231113)
Full Name
Phospho-TAK1 (Ser439) Antibody
Gene Names
MAP3K7; CSCF; FMD2; TAK1; MEKK7; TGF1a
Reactivity
Human
Predicted: Rat
Predicted: Rat
Applications
WB, EIA
Pricing
$190/0.05 mL
TGFB2, Antibody (Cat# AAA858192)
Full Name
TGFB2 Antibody
Gene Names
TGFB2; LDS4; G-TSF; TGF-beta2
Pricing
$350/0.1 mg | $1,515/5x0.1 mg | $570/0.1 mL (Biotin) | $570/0.1 mL (FITC) | $570/0.1 mL (AF350) | $570/0.1 mL (AF405) | $570/0.1 mL (AF488) | $570/0.1 mL (AF555) | $570/0.1 mL (AF568)
Transforming growth factor beta-1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA1493888)
Full Name
Rabbit anti-Bovine Transforming growth factor beta-1 polyclonal Antibody(TGFB1), FITC
Reactivity
Bovine
Applications
EIA
Purity
Caprylic Acid Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation Purified
Pricing
$180/0.05 mg | $260/0.1 mg | $1,160/5x0.1 mg
Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 3 (CSRNP3), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA7212390)
Full Name
Porcine Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 3 (CSRNP3) ELISA Kit
Gene Names
CSRNP3; TAIP2; TAIP-2; PPP1R73; FAM130A2
Reactivity
Porcine
Pricing
$475/48-Strip-Wells | $680/96-Strip-Wells | $3,010/5x96-Strip-Wells | $5,675/10x96-Strip-Wells
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
TGF-beta3 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3), CLIA Kit (Cat# AAA2532369)
Full Name
Rat TGF-beta3 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3) CLIA Kit
Gene Names
TGFB3; ARVD; RNHF; ARVD1; TGF-beta3
Reactivity
Rat
Pricing
$550/96 Tests
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve
TGF beta 1, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA8244683)
Full Name
Rat TGF beta 1 ELISA Kit
Gene Names
Tgfb1; Tgfb
Reactivity
Rat
Applications
EIA
Pricing
$610/96 Tests | $2,745/5x96 Tests
Ribosome biogenesis protein NSA2 (NSA2), Recombinant Protein (Cat# AAA1033141)
Full Name
Recombinant Lodderomyces elongisporus Ribosome biogenesis protein NSA2 (NSA2)
Purity
Greater or equal to 85% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Pricing
$1,545/1 mg (E-Coli) | $2,055/1 mg (Yeast) | $1,025/0.2 mg (E-Coli) | $1,205/0.2 mg (Yeast) | $765/0.05 mg (E-Coli) | $920/0.05 mg (Yeast) | $2,485/1 mg (Baculovirus) | $1,330/0.1 mg (Baculovirus) | $2,005/0.1 mg (Mammalian-Cell) | $1,130/0.5 mg (E-Coli) | $1,360/0.5 mg (Yeast) | $1,085/0.05 mg (Baculovirus) | $1,325/0.05 mg (Mammalian-Cell) | $1,915/0.5 mg (Baculovirus)
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
TGF-Beta-2, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA494820)
Full Name
TGF-beta2 (Mouse) ELISA
Gene Names
TGFB2; LDS4; TGF-beta2
Reactivity
Mouse
Pricing
$590/96 Tests | $2,710/5x96 Tests
Dot Blot (DB)
(Dot blot analysis of anti-MAP3K7IP1-pS423 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
Phospho-MAP3K7IP1 (S423), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA9212645)
Full Name
Phospho-MAP3K7IP1 (S423) Antibody
Gene Names
TAB1; 3'-Tab1; MAP3K7IP1
Reactivity
Human
Applications
DB, EIA
Purity
Peptide Affinity Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)
Pricing
$415/0.4 mL | $185/0.08 mL | $1,625/5x0.4 mL
Western Blot (WB)
(Western blot analysis of lysates from HepG2 cells treated with TNF 20ng/ml 5', using TAK1 (Phospho-Thr184) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
TAK1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA9502878)
Full Name
TAK1 (Phospho-Thr184) Antibody
Gene Names
MAP3K7; CSCF; FMD2; TAK1; MEKK7; TGF1a
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, EIA
Purity
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Pricing
$265/0.05 mL | $365/0.1 mL | $1,580/5x0.1 mL
Western Blot (WB)
(TGFB2 Antibody (C-term) western blot analysis in Raji cell line lysates (35ug/lane).This demonstrates the TGFB2 antibody detected the TGFB2 protein (arrow).)
TGF Beta 2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA9207322)
Full Name
TGF Beta 2 Antibody (C-term)
Gene Names
TGFB2; LDS4; TGF-beta2
Reactivity
Human
Applications
EIA, IHC, WB
Purity
Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)
Pricing
$415/0.4 mL | $185/0.08 mL | $1,625/5x0.4 mL
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA289506)
Full Name
Rat Transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3 ELISA Kit
Gene Names
Tgfbr3; betaglycan
Reactivity
Rat
Pricing
$385/48-Strip-Wells | $510/96-Strip-Wells | $2,175/5x96-Strip-Wells | $3,990/10x96-Strip-Wells
Structure
ALK5 Inhibitor II, Biochemical (Cat# AAA565682)
Full Name
ALK5 Inhibitor II
Purity
>=97% (HPLC)
Pricing
$180/1 mg | $425/5 mg | $1,865/5x5 mg
Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 2 (CSRNP2), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA7238345)
Full Name
Guinea pig Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 2 (CSRNP2) ELISA Kit
Gene Names
CSRNP2; C12orf2; PPP1R72; TAIP-12; C12orf22; FAM130A1
Reactivity
Guinea Pig
Pricing
$475/48-Strip-Wells | $680/96-Strip-Wells | $3,010/5x96-Strip-Wells | $5,675/10x96-Strip-Wells
Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 2 (CSRNP2), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA7214590)
Full Name
Bovine Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 2 (CSRNP2) ELISA Kit
Gene Names
CSRNP2; C12orf2; PPP1R72; TAIP-12; C12orf22; FAM130A1
Reactivity
Bovine
Pricing
$475/48-Strip-Wells | $680/96-Strip-Wells | $3,010/5x96-Strip-Wells | $5,675/10x96-Strip-Wells
TGFBR2, Blocking Peptide (Cat# AAA8243335)
Full Name
TGFBR2 Blocking Peptide
Gene Names
TGFBR2; AAT3; FAA3; LDS2; MFS2; RIIC; LDS1B; LDS2B; TAAD2; TGFR-2; TGFbeta-RII
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig, Rabbit
Applications
BL
Purity
>85%
Pricing
$180/1 mg | $335/5 mg | $1,455/5x5 mg
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
GDF15 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15), CLIA Kit (Cat# AAA2530961)
Full Name
Human GDF15 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15) CLIA Kit
Gene Names
GDF15; PDF; MIC1; PLAB; MIC-1; NAG-1; PTGFB; GDF-15
Reactivity
Human
Pricing
$550/96 Tests
GFRA2 , Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA2543935)
Full Name
Rabbit anti Human GFRA2 Monoclonal Antibody
Gene Names
GFRA2; NTNRA; RETL2; TRNR2; GDNFRB; NRTNR-ALPHA
Reactivity
Human
Applications
EIA
Pricing
$540/0.2 mL | $360/0.12 mL | $240/0.06 mL
Smad4, Blocking Peptide (Cat# AAA544490)
Full Name
Smad4 Peptide
Gene Names
SMAD4; JIP; DPC4; MADH4; MYHRS
Applications
Immunocompetition, Immunodepletion
Pricing
$280/0.25 mg | $1,110/5x0.25 mg
Smad4, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA544917)
Full Name
Smad4 Antibody FITC-Conjugated
Gene Names
SMAD4; JIP; DPC4; MADH4; MYHRS
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
EIA, IP, WB
Pricing
$560/0.1 mg | $2,380/5x0.1 mg
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFb1), Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA2038272)
Full Name
FITC-Linked Monoclonal Antibody to Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFb1)
Gene Names
TGFB1; CED; LAP; DPD1; TGFB; TGFbeta
Reactivity
Rat
Applications
WB, ICC, IHC, IP, EIA
Pricing
$210/0.1 mL | $265/0.2 mL | $480/0.5 mL | $595/1 mL | $1,665/5x1 mL
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Transforming growth factor beta-3, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA289272)
Full Name
Mouse Transforming growth factor beta-3 ELISA Kit
Gene Names
Tgfb3; Tgfb-3; TGF-beta-3
Reactivity
Mouse
Pricing
$380/48-Strip-Wells | $510/96-Strip-Wells | $2,210/5x96-Strip-Wells | $4,070/10x96-Strip-Wells
Cluster of Differentiation 109, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA90824)
Full Name
Pigeon Cluster of Differentiation 109 ELISA Kit
Gene Names
CD109; CPAMD7; RP11-525G3.1
Reactivity
Pigeon
Cluster of Differentiation 109, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA56608)
Full Name
Camel Cluster of Differentiation 109 ELISA Kit
Gene Names
CD109; CPAMD7; RP11-525G3.1
Reactivity
Camel
Pricing
$540/48-Strip-Wells | $755/96-Strip-Wells | $3,410/5x96-Strip-Wells | $6,715/10x96-Strip-Wells
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Transforming Growth factor beta, TGF-beta, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA165798)
Full Name
Human Transforming Growth factor beta, TGF-beta ELISA Kit
Gene Names
TGFB1; CED; LAP; DPD1; TGFB; TGFbeta
Reactivity
Human
Pricing
$285/48-Strip-Wells | $425/96-Strip-Wells | $1,750/5x96-Strip-Wells | $3,460/10x96-Strip-Wells
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Transforming Growth Factor beta1, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA590069)
Full Name
Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF-beta1)
Pricing
$600/96 Wells | $910/192 Wells | $1,995/3x192 Wells | $9,270/15x192 Wells
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA451772)
Full Name
Human Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) ELISA Kit
Gene Names
GDF15; PDF; MIC1; PLAB; MIC-1; NAG-1; PTGFB; GDF-15
Reactivity
Human
Pricing
$430/48-Strip-Wells | $575/96-Strip-Wells | $2,580/5x96-Strip-Wells | $5,040/10x96-Strip-Wells
Western Blot (WB)
(Western blot analysis of TAK1 (pT184) expression in HeLa TGF-treated (A), A431 (B) whole cell lysates.)
TAK1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA8242578)
Full Name
Anti-TAK1 (pT184) Phospho Antibody
Gene Names
MAP3K7; TAK1; MEKK7; TGF1a
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine
Applications
WB, IHC
Purity
The antibody was purified by immunogen affinity chromatography.
Pricing
$185/0.03 mL | $275/0.1 mL | $380/0.2 mL | $1,650/5x0.2 mL
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFb1), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA2087260)
Full Name
Human Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFb1) Mini Samples ELISA Kit
Gene Names
TGFB1; CED; LAP; DPD1; TGFB; TGFbeta
Reactivity
Human
Pricing
$410/48-Strip-Wells | $540/96-Strip-Wells | $2,200/5x96-Strip-Wells | $4,015/10x96-Strip-Wells | $285/24-Strip-Wells
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve
TGF beta 1, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA8244656)
Full Name
Mouse TGF beta 1 ELISA Kit
Gene Names
Tgfb1; Tgfb; Tgfb-1; TGFbeta1; TGF-beta1
Reactivity
Mouse
Applications
EIA
Pricing
$610/96 Tests | $2,745/5x96 Tests
Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 3 (CSRNP3), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA7202985)
Full Name
Rat Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 3 (CSRNP3) ELISA Kit
Gene Names
CSRNP3; TAIP2; TAIP-2; PPP1R73; FAM130A2
Reactivity
Rat
Pricing
$475/48-Strip-Wells | $680/96-Strip-Wells | $3,010/5x96-Strip-Wells | $5,675/10x96-Strip-Wells
SDS-Page
Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptor Alpha 1, Recombinant Protein (Cat# AAA2033186)
Full Name
Recombinant Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptor Alpha 1 (GFRa1)
Applications
WB, EIA, IP
Purity
> 95%
Pricing
$155/0.01 mg | $280/0.05 mg | $425/0.1 mg | $515/0.2 mg | $990/0.5 mg | $1,460/1 mg | $3,575/5 mg | $16,080/5x5 mg
Smad1, Blocking Peptide (Cat# AAA543945)
Full Name
Smad1 Antibody Antigenic Blocking Peptide
Gene Names
Mad; 2/23; apg; c28; CG12399; dMad; dMAD; DmelCG12399; E(zen)2; En(vvl); l(2)k00237; l(2)K00237; mad; MAD; Mat; p-Mad; P-mad; P-Mad; pMad; pMAD; PMad; pSmad; Smad; Smad1
Applications
Immunodepletion, Immunocompetition
Pricing
$280/0.25 mg | $1,110/5x0.25 mg
Phospho-Smad1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA543947)
Full Name
Phospho Smad1 Antibody FITC-Conjugated
Gene Names
Mad; 2/23; apg; c28; CG12399; dMad; dMAD; DmelCG12399; E(zen)2; En(vvl); l(2)k00237; l(2)K00237; mad; MAD; Mat; p-Mad; P-mad; P-Mad; pMad; pMAD; PMad; pSmad; Smad; Smad1
Reactivity
Drosophila melanogaster
Applications
EIA, WB
Pricing
$630/0.1 mg | $2,675/5x0.1 mg
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Transforming Growth factor beta1, TGF-beta1, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA165487)
Full Name
Goat Transforming Growth factor beta1, TGF-beta1 ELISA Kit
Gene Names
Tgfb1; Tgfb; Tgfb-1; TGFbeta1; TGF-beta1
Reactivity
Goat
Pricing
$305/48-Strip-Wells | $475/96-Strip-Wells | $2,005/5x96-Strip-Wells | $3,955/10x96-Strip-Wells
Into growth factor beta 31 (TGF beta 1), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA9311742)
Full Name
Into growth factor beta 31 (TGF beta 1) ELISA Kit
Reactivity
Horse
Pricing
$540/48-Strip-Wells | $755/96-Strip-Wells | $3,410/5x96-Strip-Wells | $6,715/10x96-Strip-Wells
Transforming growth factor beta-3, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA2882019)
Full Name
Chicken Transforming growth factor beta-3 ELISA Kit
Gene Names
TGFB3; TGF-beta3
Reactivity
Chicken
Pricing
$430/48-Strip-Wells | $570/96-Strip-Wells | $2,470/5x96-Strip-Wells | $4,620/10x96-Strip-Wells
Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptor Alpha 1 (GFRa1), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA2082981)
Full Name
Cy3-Linked Polyclonal Antibody to Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptor Alpha 1 (GFRa1)
Reactivity
Human
Applications
WB, ICC, IHC, ELISA
Pricing
$280/0.1 mL | $375/0.2 mL | $710/0.5 mL | $880/1 mL | $2,445/5x1 mL
WD repeat-containing protein 7 (Wdr7), Recombinant Protein (Cat# AAA1466356)
Full Name
Recombinant Mouse WD repeat-containing protein 7 (Wdr7) , partial
Gene Names
Wdr7; TRAG; AI462727; mKIAA0541
Purity
Greater or equal to 85% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Western Blot (WB)
(Mouse Csrnp2 Antibody (N-term) western blot analysis in mouse Neuro-2a cell line lysates (35ug/lane).This demonstrates the Mouse Csrnp2 antibody detected the Mouse Csrnp2 protein (arrow).)
Csrnp2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA643813)
Full Name
Csrnp2, NT (Csrnp2, Fam130a1, Taip12, Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 2, Protein FAM130A1, TGF-beta-induced apoptosis protein 12)
Reactivity
Human, Mouse
Applications
EL/EIA, WB
Purity
Affinity Purified
Purified by Protein A affinity chromatography.
Purified by Protein A affinity chromatography.
Pricing
$665/0.2 mL | $2,975/5x0.2 mL
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor I (TGFbR1), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA453529)
Full Name
Mouse Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor I (TGFbR1) ELISA Kit
Gene Names
Tgfbr1; ALK5; ESK2; Alk-5; TGFR-1; TbetaRI; AU017191; TbetaR-I
Reactivity
Mouse
Pricing
$365/48-Strip-Wells | $480/96-Strip-Wells | $2,175/5x96-Strip-Wells | $4,235/10x96-Strip-Wells
AXUD1, Antibody (Cat# AAA8503675)
Full Name
AXUD1 Antibody
Gene Names
CSRNP1; AXUD1; URAX1; TAIP-3; CSRNP-1; FAM130B
Pricing
$330/0.1 mg | $1,425/5x0.1 mg | $570/0.1 mL (Biotin) | $570/0.1 mL (FITC) | $570/0.1 mL (AF350) | $570/0.1 mL (AF405) | $570/0.1 mL (AF488) | $570/0.1 mL (AF555) | $570/0.1 mL (AF568)
Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 3 (CSRNP3), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA7216114)
Full Name
Monkey Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 3 (CSRNP3) ELISA Kit
Gene Names
CSRNP3; TAIP2; TAIP-2; PPP1R73; FAM130A2
Reactivity
Monkey
Pricing
$475/48-Strip-Wells | $680/96-Strip-Wells | $3,010/5x96-Strip-Wells | $5,675/10x96-Strip-Wells
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
TGFBR2 (TGF-beta receptor type-2), ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA7606753)
Full Name
Rat TGFBR2 (TGF-beta receptor type-2) ELISA Kit
Gene Names
Tgfbr2; Tgfbr2T; TGF-beta 2
Reactivity
Rat
Pricing
$330/48-Strip-Wells | $445/96-Strip-Wells | $1,995/5x96-Strip-Wells | $3,805/10x96-Strip-Wells
