Rabbit GREMLIN Polyclonal Antibody | anti-Grem1 antibody

GREMLIN Antibody (C-term)

Cat. Num. AAA9212365

• Gene Names: Grem1; ld; Drm; Grem; Cktsf1b1
• Reactivity: Human, mouse (Predicted Reactivity: Rat)
• Applications: Western Blot, ELISA, Immunohistochemistry
• Purity: Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)
• Synonyms: GREMLIN; Polyclonal Antibody; GREMLIN Antibody (C-term); Gremlin-1; Cysteine knot superfamily 1; BMP antagonist 1; Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein; Grem1; Cktsf1b1; Drm; anti-Grem1 antibody

• Host: Rabbit
• Reactivity: Human, mouse (Predicted Reactivity: Rat)
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Isotype: Rabbit Ig
• Specificity: This GREMLIN antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 147-175 amino acids from the C-terminal region of mouse GREMLIN.
• Purity/Purification: Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)
• Form/Format: Purified polyclonal antibody supplied in PBS with 0.09% (W/V) sodium azide. This antibody is prepared by Saturated Ammonium Sulfate (SAS) precipitation followed by dialysis against PBS.
• Concentration: Vial Concentration: 2 (varies by lot)
• Sequence Positions: 147-175
• Sequence Length: 184

• Applicable Applications for anti-Grem1 antibody: Western Blot (WB), ELISA (EIA), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
• Application Notes: WB~~1:1000
• Antigen Type: Synthetic Peptide
• Antigen Source: MOUSE
• Preparation and Storage: Maintain refrigerated at 2-8 degree C for up to 6 months. For long term storage store at -20 degree C in small aliquots to prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

Western Blot (WB)

(Western blot analysis of anti-Gremlin Pab in CEM cell line lysates (35ug/lane). Gremlin (arrow) was detected using the purified Pab.)

Western Blot (WB)

(Western blot analysis of anti-Gremlin Pab in mouse liver cell lysate. Gremlin (arrow) was detected using purified Pab. Secondary HRP-anti-rabbit was used for signal visualization with chemiluminescence.)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

(Formalin-PBS and Bouin embedded paraffin human renal tissue pretreated with heat induced epitope retrieval Citrate buffer pH 6.0 in microwave. Dilution of primary antibody was 1:50. Detection method was ABC system or Vectastaint Elite VECTOR. Data and protocol courtesy of Dr. Maria E. Burgos of Universidad Austral de Chile.)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

(Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human skeletal muscle tissue reacted with GREMLIN Antibody (C-term) , which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated.)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

(ISH and IMH demonstrating gremlin mRNA and gremlin protein in crescentic PECs and tubular epithelial cells of patients with pauci-immune crescentic GN. In comparison with normal renal tissue in which there is no expression of gremlin mRNA (C), proliferating PECs of glomerular crescents show a strong expression of gremlin mRNA by ISH (A); and gremlin protein expression by IMH (B); immune competent infiltrating interstitial cells are also strongly positive for gremlin staining (E); and CTGF was also expressed in these glomerular crescentic cells (F).)

Related Product Information for anti-Grem1 antibody

GREMLIN is a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth.

Product Categories/Family for anti-Grem1 antibody

Signal Transduction

References

Chen, B., et al., J. Immunol. 173(10):5914-5917 (2004). Chen, B., et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 295(5):1135-1141 (2002). McMahon, R., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 275(14):9901-9904 (2000). Murphy, M., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274(9):5830-5834 (1999). Hsu, D.R., et al., Mol. Cell 1(5):673-683 (1998).

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 6754068
• NCBI GeneID: 23892
• NCBI Accession #: NP_035954.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_011824.4
• UniProt Accession #: O70326
• Molecular Weight: 20710
• NCBI Official Full Name: gremlin-1
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: gremlin 1
• NCBI Official Symbol: Grem1
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: ld; Drm; Grem; Cktsf1b1
• NCBI Protein Information: gremlin-1
• UniProt Protein Name: Gremlin-1
• Protein Family: Gremlin
• UniProt Gene Name: Grem1
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: Cktsf1b1; Drm
• UniProt Entry Name: GREM1_MOUSE

Uniprot Description

GREM1: Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Interacts with SLIT1 and SLIT2 in a glycosylation- dependent manner. By high glucose through TGFB1-mediated pathways in mesangial cell. Down-regulated in tumor cell lines. Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Weakly expressed in brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. In brain found in the region localized around the internal capsule in the large subcortical nuclei, including caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. Predominantly expressed in normal cells including neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts. Belongs to the DAN family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted

Cellular Component: extracellular space; cell surface; extracellular region

Molecular Function: heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding; cytokine activity; receptor agonist activity

Biological Process: limb development; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation (dimerization); collagen fibril organization; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; positive regulation of receptor internalization; cell morphogenesis; positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus; signal transduction; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway; negative regulation of bone mineralization; cell-cell signaling; positive regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis; angiogenesis; proximal/distal pattern formation; embryonic limb morphogenesis; determination of dorsal identity; positive regulation of telomerase activity; regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; positive regulation of angiogenesis; organ morphogenesis; cell migration during sprouting angiogenesis; ureteric bud branching; regulation of focal adhesion formation; negative regulation of bone remodeling; endothelial cell migration; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation; negative regulation of cell growth; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; negative regulation of apoptosis