Rabbit anti-Human, Mouse GREMLIN Polyclonal Antibody | anti-GREMLIN antibody

GREMLIN, CT (Grem1, Cktsf1b1, Drm, Gremlin-1, Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1, Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein) (Biotin)

Cat. Num. AAA6304296

• Gene Names: Grem1; ld; Drm; Grem; Cktsf1b1
• Reactivity: Human, Mouse
• Applications: Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, ELISA
• Purity: Purified by Protein A/G Affinity Chromatography.
• Synonyms: GREMLIN; Polyclonal Antibody; CT (Grem1; Cktsf1b1; Drm; Gremlin-1; Cysteine knot superfamily 1; BMP antagonist 1; Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein) (Biotin); Grem1; Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein; anti-GREMLIN antibody

• Host: Rabbit
• Reactivity: Human, Mouse
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Isotype: IgG
• Specificity: Recognizes human Gremlin. Species Crossreactivity: mouse
• Purity/Purification: Purified by Protein A/G Affinity Chromatography.
• Form/Format: Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.2. No preservative added. Labeled with Biotin.

• Applicable Applications for anti-GREMLIN antibody: Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA (EIA)
• Application Notes: Applications are based on unconjugated antibody.
• Immunogen: KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide mapping to a fragment of residues within amino acids 147-175 in the C-terminal region of human Gremlin, UniProt #O70326. Species sequence homology: rat
• Conjugate: Biotin
• Note: Preservative Free
• Preparation and Storage: Store product at 4 degree C if to be used immediately within two weeks. For long-term storage, aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing and store at -20 degree C. Aliquots are stable at -20 degree C for 12 months after receipt. Dilute required amount only prior to immediate use. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

Western Blot (WB)

(Western Blot analysis in CEM cell line lysates (35ug/lane) usingMBS6001924. Gremlin (arrow) was detected using the purified Pab.)

Western Blot (WB)

(Western Blot analysis in mouse liver cell lysate usingMBS6001924. Gremlin (arrow) was detected using purified Pab. Secondary HRP-anti-rabbit was used for signal visualization with chemiluminescence.)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

(Formalin-PBS and Bouin embedded paraffin human renal tissue pretreated with heat induced epitope retrieval Citrate buffer pH 6.0 in microwave using MBS6001924 (1:50). Detection method was ABC system or Vectastaint Elite VECTOR. Data and protocol courtesy of Dr. Maria E. Burgos of Universidad Austral de Chile.)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

(Immunohistochemistry analysis in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human skeletal muscle tissue usingMBS6001924, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining.)

Testing Data

(ISH and IMH demonstrating gremlin mRNA and gremlin protein in crescentic PECs and tubular epithelial cells of patients with pauci-immune crescentic GN usingMBS6001924. In comparison with normal renal tissue in which there is no expression of gremlin mRNA (C), proliferating PECs of glomerular crescents show a strong expression of gremlin mRNA by ISH (A); and gremlin protein expression by IMH (B); immune competent infiltrating interstitial cells are also strongly positive for gremlin staining (E); and CTGF was also expressed in these glomerular crescentic cells (F).)

Related Product Information for anti-GREMLIN antibody

GREMLIN is a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo-and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth.

Product Categories/Family for anti-GREMLIN antibody

Antibodies; Amino Acids

References

1. Chen, B., et al., J. Immunol. 173(10):5914-5917 (2004). 2. Chen, B., et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 295(5):1135-1141 (2002).3. McMahon, R., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 275(14):9901-9904 (2000). 4. Murphy, M., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274(9):5830-5834 (1999). 5. Hsu, D.R., et al., Mol. Cell 1(5):673-683 (1998).

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 6754068
• NCBI GeneID: 23892
• NCBI Accession #: NP_035954.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_011824.4
• UniProt Accession #: O70326
• Molecular Weight: 20,710 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: gremlin-1
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
• NCBI Official Symbol: Grem1
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: ld; Drm; Grem; Cktsf1b1
• NCBI Protein Information: gremlin-1
• UniProt Protein Name: Gremlin-1
• Protein Family: Gremlin
• UniProt Gene Name: Grem1
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: Cktsf1b1; Drm
• UniProt Entry Name: GREM1_MOUSE

Uniprot Description

GREM1: Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Interacts with SLIT1 and SLIT2 in a glycosylation- dependent manner. By high glucose through TGFB1-mediated pathways in mesangial cell. Down-regulated in tumor cell lines. Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Weakly expressed in brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. In brain found in the region localized around the internal capsule in the large subcortical nuclei, including caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. Predominantly expressed in normal cells including neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts. Belongs to the DAN family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted

Cellular Component: cell surface; extracellular region; extracellular space

Molecular Function: cytokine activity; heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding; receptor agonist activity; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding

Biological Process: activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; angiogenesis; cell migration during sprouting angiogenesis; cell morphogenesis; cell-cell signaling; collagen fibril organization; determination of dorsal identity; embryonic limb morphogenesis; endothelial cell migration; limb development; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway; negative regulation of bone mineralization; negative regulation of bone remodeling; negative regulation of cell growth; negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis; negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; organ morphogenesis; positive regulation of angiogenesis; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus; positive regulation of receptor internalization; positive regulation of telomerase activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; proximal/distal pattern formation; regulation of focal adhesion formation; regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; signal transduction; ureteric bud branching