Testing Data
Rabbit anti-Human ATF2 (Thr52) Polyclonal Antibody | anti-ATF2 antibody
Anti-Phospho-Thr52 Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF2)
WB: 1:250
Testing Data
Testing Data
• Bhoumik A and Ronai Z. (2008) ATF2: a transcription factor that elicits oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities. Cell Cycle Aug;7(15):2341-5. Epub 2008 Jun17. Review.
• Lau E, Kluger H, Varsano T, Lee K, Scheffler I, Rimm D, Ideker T, and Ronai Z. (2012) PKC Promote Oncogenic Functions of ATF2 in the Nucleus while Blocking Its Apoptotic Function at Mitochondria. Cell 148, 543-555.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. It forms a homodimer or a heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. This protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro; thus it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. The encoded protein may also be involved in cell's DNA damage response independent of its role in transcriptional regulation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Uniprot Description
Function: Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti-apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA-3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA-3'). In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the cytoplasm, interacts with and perturbs HK1- and VDAC1-containing complexes at the mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby impairing mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing mitochondrial leakage and promoting cell death. The phosphorylated form (mediated by ATM) plays a role in the DNA damage response and is involved in the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced S phase checkpoint control and in the recruitment of the MRN complex into the IR-induced foci (IRIF). Exhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity which specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro. In concert with CUL3 and RBX1, promotes the degradation of KAT5 thereby attenuating its ability to acetylate and activate ATM. Can elicit oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities depending on the tissue or cell type. Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.27
Catalytic activity: Acetyl-CoA + [histone] = CoA + acetyl-[histone].
Subunit structure: Binds DNA as a dimer and can form a homodimer in the absence of DNA. Can form a heterodimer with JUN. Heterodimerization is essential for its transcriptional activity. Interacts with SMAD3 and SMAD4. Binds through its N-terminal region to UTF1 which acts as a coactivator of ATF2 transcriptional activity. Interacts with the HK1/VDAC1 complex. Interacts with NBN, MRE11A, XPO1, KAT5 and CUL3. Ref.11 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.27 Ref.28
Subcellular location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Note: Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus and heterodimerization with JUN is essential for the nuclear localization. Localization to the cytoplasm is observed under conditions of cellular stress and in disease states. Localizes at the mitochondrial outer membrane in response to genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation at Thr-52 is required for its nuclear localization and negatively regulates its mitochondrial localization. Co-localizes with the MRN complex in the IR-induced foci (IRIF). Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.22 Ref.25 Ref.27 Ref.28
Tissue specificity: Ubiquitously expressed, with more abundant expression in the brain.
Domain: The nuclear export signal 1 (N-NES) negatively regulates its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity.
Post-translational modification: Phosphorylation of Thr-69 by MAPK14 and MAPK11, and at Thr-71 by MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK11, MAPK12 and MAPK14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity. Phosphorylated by PLK3 following hyperosmotic stress. Also phosphorylated and activated by JNK and CaMK4. ATM-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-490 and Ser-498 stimulates its function in DNA damage response. Phosphorylation at Ser-62, Thr-73 and Ser-121 activates its transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at Thr-69 or Thr-71 enhances its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.22 Ref.25 Ref.27
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.Contains 1 bZIP (basic-leucine zipper) domain.Contains 1 C2H2-type zinc finger.
Sequence caution: The sequence AAY17203.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally extended.The sequence AAY17207.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally extended.
Research Articles on ATF2
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Product Notes
The ATF2 atf2 (Catalog #AAA502185) is an Antibody produced from Rabbit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The Anti-Phospho-Thr52 Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF2) reacts with Human and may cross-react with other species as described in the data sheet. AAA Biotech's ATF2 (Thr52) can be used in a range of immunoassay formats including, but not limited to, Western Blot (WB). Quality Control: Western blots performed on each lot. WB: 1:250. Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the ATF2 atf2 for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "ATF2 (Thr52), Polyclonal Antibody" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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