Rabbit anti-Human ATF2 (Ser490,498) Polyclonal Antibody | anti-ATF2 antibody

Anti-Phospho-Ser490,498 ATF2

Cat. Num. AAA502007

• Gene Names: ATF2; HB16; CREB2; TREB7; CREB-2; CRE-BP1
• Reactivity: Human
• Applications: Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
• Purity: Affinity Purified (Prepared from rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephosphopeptide affinity columns.)
• Synonyms: ATF2 (Ser490; 498); Polyclonal Antibody; Anti-Phospho-Ser490; 498 ATF2; anti-ATF2 antibody

• Host: Rabbit
• Reactivity: Human
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Specificity: Specific for ~74k ATF2 protein phosphorylated at Ser490,498. The antibody also recognizes the phosphorylated ~54k splice form of ATF2.
• Purity/Purification: Affinity Purified (Prepared from rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephosphopeptide affinity columns.)
• Form/Format: 100 ul in 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 ug BSA per ml and 50% glycerol. Adequate amount of material to conduct 10-mini Western Blots.
• Sequence Length: 505

• Applicable Applications for anti-ATF2 antibody: Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
• Application Notes: Quality Control: Western blots performed on each lot.; WB: 1:1000; IHC (frozen sections; unpublished observations): 1:1000
• Antigen: Synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding the phospho-Ser490,498 of human ATF2.
• Immunogen Information: Synthetic phospho-peptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding Ser490/498 conjugated to KLH
• Immunogen Species: Human
• Reactivity Assumed Based on 100% Sequence Homology: Rat
• Species Reactivity Note: Synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding the phospho-Ser490,498 of human ATF2.
• Biological Significance: The activating transcription factor ATF2 (also called CRE-BP1) binds to both AP-1 and CRE DNA response elements and is a member of the ATF/CREB family of leucine zipper proteins (Maekawa et al., 1989). ATF2 has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of a number of genes including cytokines, cell cycle control and apoptosis. Various forms of cellular stress, including inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation, stimulate the transcriptional activity of ATF2 (Ivanov et al., 2003; Morton et al., 2004). Stress induced ATF-dependent transcription is dependent on phosphorylation of ATF (Fuchs et al., 2000); Morton et al., 2004). Serine 490 and serine 498 are novel phosphorylation sites on ATF that have recently been identified. ATF2 is particularly abundant in the brain and the ATF2 family of transcription factors is considered an important substrate of signals upstream of the activation of genes associated with neuronal growth and differentiation (Karin and Hunter, 1995). ATF expression has also been linked to the depression in humans (Laifenfeld et al., 2004).
• Preparation and Storage: For long term storage -20 degree C is recommended. Stable at -20 degree C for at least 1 year.

Testing Data

Related Product Information for anti-ATF2 antibody

Affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibody

References

• Fuchs SY, Tappin I, Ronai Z (2000) Stability of the ATF2 transcription factor is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 275:12560-12564.
• Ivanov VN, Bhoumik A, Ronai Z (2003) Death receptors and melanoma resistance to apoptosis. Oncogene 22:3152- 3161.
• Karin M, Hunter T (1995) Transcriptional control by protein phosphorylation: Signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus. Curr Biol 5:747-757.
• Laifenfeld D, Karry R, Grauer E, Klein E, Ben-Shachar D (2004) ATF2, a member of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors, in chronic stress and consequent to antidepressant treatment: animal models and human post-mortem brains. Neuropsychopharmacology 29:589-597.
• Maekawa T, Sakura H, Kanei-Ishii C, Sudo T, Yoshimura T, Fujisawa J, Yoshida M, Ishii S (1989) Leucine zipper structure of the protein CRE-BP1 binding to the cyclic AMP response element in brain. EMBO J 8:2023-2028.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 368711269
• NCBI GeneID: 1386
• NCBI Accession #: NP_001243019.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_001256090.1
• UniProt Accession #: P15336; Q13000; Q3B7B7; Q4ZFU9; Q53RY2; Q8TAR1; A1L3Z2; A4D7U4; A4D7U5; A4D7V1; D3DPE9; G8JLM5
• Molecular Weight: 74
• NCBI Official Full Name: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform 1
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: activating transcription factor 2
• NCBI Official Symbol: ATF2
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: HB16; CREB2; TREB7; CREB-2; CRE-BP1
• NCBI Protein Information: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; histone acetyltransferase ATF2; cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; cAMP responsive element binding protein 2, formerly; activating transcription factor 2 splice variant ATF2-var2
• UniProt Protein Name: Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
• Protein Family: Alcohol O-acetyltransferase
• UniProt Gene Name: ATF2
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: CREB2; CREBP1; cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; CREB-2
• UniProt Entry Name: ATF2_HUMAN

NCBI Description

This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. It forms a homodimer or a heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. This protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro; thus it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. The encoded protein may also be involved in cell's DNA damage response independent of its role in transcriptional regulation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

Uniprot Description

Function: Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti-apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA-3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA-3'). In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the cytoplasm, interacts with and perturbs HK1- and VDAC1-containing complexes at the mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby impairing mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing mitochondrial leakage and promoting cell death. The phosphorylated form (mediated by ATM) plays a role in the DNA damage response and is involved in the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced S phase checkpoint control and in the recruitment of the MRN complex into the IR-induced foci (IRIF). Exhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity which specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro. In concert with CUL3 and RBX1, promotes the degradation of KAT5 thereby attenuating its ability to acetylate and activate ATM. Can elicit oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities depending on the tissue or cell type. Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.27

Catalytic activity: Acetyl-CoA + [histone] = CoA + acetyl-[histone].

Subunit structure: Binds DNA as a dimer and can form a homodimer in the absence of DNA. Can form a heterodimer with JUN. Heterodimerization is essential for its transcriptional activity. Interacts with SMAD3 and SMAD4. Binds through its N-terminal region to UTF1 which acts as a coactivator of ATF2 transcriptional activity. Interacts with the HK1/VDAC1 complex. Interacts with NBN, MRE11A, XPO1, KAT5 and CUL3. Ref.11 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.27 Ref.28

Subcellular location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Note: Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus and heterodimerization with JUN is essential for the nuclear localization. Localization to the cytoplasm is observed under conditions of cellular stress and in disease states. Localizes at the mitochondrial outer membrane in response to genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation at Thr-52 is required for its nuclear localization and negatively regulates its mitochondrial localization. Co-localizes with the MRN complex in the IR-induced foci (IRIF). Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.22 Ref.25 Ref.27 Ref.28

Tissue specificity: Ubiquitously expressed, with more abundant expression in the brain.

Domain: The nuclear export signal 1 (N-NES) negatively regulates its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity.

Post-translational modification: Phosphorylation of Thr-69 by MAPK14 and MAPK11, and at Thr-71 by MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK11, MAPK12 and MAPK14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity. Phosphorylated by PLK3 following hyperosmotic stress. Also phosphorylated and activated by JNK and CaMK4. ATM-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-490 and Ser-498 stimulates its function in DNA damage response. Phosphorylation at Ser-62, Thr-73 and Ser-121 activates its transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at Thr-69 or Thr-71 enhances its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.22 Ref.25 Ref.27

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.Contains 1 bZIP (basic-leucine zipper) domain.Contains 1 C2H2-type zinc finger.

Sequence caution: The sequence AAY17203.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally extended.The sequence AAY17207.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally extended.