Bovine Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4 ELISA Kit | PDK4 elisa kit

Bovine Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4 ELISA Kit

Cat. Num. AAA744127

• Reactivity: Bovine
• Synonyms: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4; Bovine Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4 ELISA Kit; PDK4 elisa kit

• Reactivity: Bovine

• Samples: Serum, plasma, Cell Culture Supernatants, body fluid and tissue homogenate
• Assay Type: Competitive
• Sensitivity: 1.0 ng/mL.
• Intended Uses: This PDK4 ELISA kit is a 1.5 hour solid-phase ELISA designed for the quantitative determination of Bovine PDK4. This ELISA kit for research use only, not for therapeutic applications!
• Preparation and Storage: Store all reagents at 2-8 degree C.

Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)

Related Product Information for PDK4 elisa kit

Principle of the Assay: PDK4 ELISA kit applies the competitive enzyme immunoassay technique utilizing a monoclonal anti-PDK4 antibody and an PDK4-HRP conjugate. The assay sample and buffer are incubated together with PDK4-HRP conjugate in pre-coated plate for one hour. After the incubation period, the wells are decanted and washed five times. The wells are then incubated with a substrate for HRP enzyme. The product of the enzyme-substrate reaction forms a blue colored complex. Finally, a stop solution is added to stop the reaction, which will then turn the solution yellow. The intensity of color is measured spectrophotometrically at 450nm in a microplate reader. The intensity of the color is inversely proportional to the PDK4 concentration since PDK4 from samples and PDK4-HRP conjugate compete for the anti-PDK4 antibody binding site. Since the number of sites is limited, as more sites are occupied by PDK4 from the sample, fewer sites are left to bind PDK4-HRP conjugate. A standard curve is plotted relating the intensity of the color (O.D.) to the concentration of standards. The PDK4 concentration in each sample is interpolated from this standard curve.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 4505693
• NCBI GeneID: 5166
• NCBI Accession #: NP_002603.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_002612.3
• Molecular Weight: 46,469 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4
• NCBI Official Symbol: PDK4
• NCBI Protein Information: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4; pyruvate dehydrogenase, lipoamide, kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial; [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial; [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial
• UniProt Protein Name: [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial
• UniProt Gene Name: PDK4
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: PDHK4
• UniProt Entry Name: PDK4_HUMAN

NCBI Description

This gene is a member of the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family and encodes a mitochondrial protein with a histidine kinase domain. This protein is located in the matrix of the mitrochondria and inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylating one of its subunits, thereby contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism. Expression of this gene is regulated by glucocorticoids, retinoic acid and insulin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Uniprot Description

PDHK4: an ubiquitously expressed, atypical protein kinase associated with the mitochondrial matrix. The PDHKs play crucial roles in switching metabolic flux from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis. PDHK4 is abundant in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreatic islets. Contains a HATPase_c catalytic domain, found in several ATP-binding proteins including protein histidine kinases (PHKs), PHDKs, DNA gyrase B, topoisomerases, heat shock proteins, and DNA mismatch repair proteins. PDHK regulates glucose oxidation through inhibitory phosphorylation of the E1 alpha subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) at any one of 3 inhibitory serine residues. Inhibitory sites 1, 2, and 3 correspond to S293, S300, and S232 in human PDHA1, respectively. Four PDHK isoenzymes have been described, each with different site specificity: all four phosphorylate sites 1 and 2 but at different rates; for site 1 PDHK2 >PDHK4 >PDHK1 >PDHK3; for site 2, PDHK3> PDHK4 > PDHK2 > PDHK1. Only PDHK1 phosphorylates site 3. PDHKs are recruited to the PDHC by binding to a lipoyl group covalently attached to the inner lipoyl domain of the E2 component. PDHA1 deficiency is the most common enzyme defect in patients with primary lactic acidosis. Suppression of PDH by PDHK inhibits the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, attenuates mitochondrial respiration, and may contribute to the increased lactate production observed in many tumors. The PDH pathway is repressed in a majority of non-small cell lung carcinomas. Inhibited by AZD7545, dichloroacetate (DCA), and radicicol. Radicicol inhibits kinase activity by binding directly to the ATP-binding pocket of PDHK, similar to HSP90 from the same ATPase/kinase superfamily.

Protein type: Kinase, protein; Mitochondrial; Protein kinase, atypical; EC 2.7.11.2; ATYPICAL group; PDHK family

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7q21.3

Cellular Component: mitochondrion; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrial inner membrane

Molecular Function: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity; ATP binding; protein kinase activity

Biological Process: regulation of bone resorption; glucose metabolic process; regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate; glucose homeostasis; cellular response to starvation; protein amino acid phosphorylation; response to starvation; cellular metabolic process; regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process; insulin receptor signaling pathway; regulation of fatty acid oxidation; regulation of pH; pyruvate metabolic process