Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Interleukin-2 ELISA Kit | IL-2 elisa kit
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)
Principle of the Assay: This assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. A monoclonal antibody specific for IL-2 has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any IL-2 present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After washing away any unbound substances, an enzyme-linked polyclonal antibody specific for IL-2 is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and colour develops in proportion to the amount of IL-2 bound in the initial step. The colour development is stopped and the intensity of the colour is measured. In order to measure the concentration of IL-2 in the samples this kit includes two calibration diluents (Calibrator Diluent I for serum/plasma testing and Calibrator Diluent II for cell culture supernatant testing.) According to the testing system, the provided standard is diluted (2-fold) with the appropriate Calibrator Diluent and assayed at the same time as the samples. This allows the operator to produce a standard curve of Optical Density (O.D) versus IL-2 concentration (pg/mL). The concentration of IL-2 in the samples is then determined by comparing the O.D. of the samples to the standard curve.
Background/Introduction: Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine synthesized and secreted primarily by T helper lymphocytes that have been activated by stimulation with certain mitogens or by interaction of the T cell receptor complex with antigen/MHC complexes on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells. The response of T helper cells to activation is induction of the expression of IL-2 and receptors for IL-2 and, subsequently, clonal expansion of antigenspecific T cells. At this level IL-2 is an autocrine factor, driving the expansion of the antigen-specific cells. IL-2 also acts as a paracrine factor, influencing the activity of other cells, both within the immune system and outside of it. B cells and natural killer (NK) cells respond to IL-2 when properly activated. The so-called lymphocyte activated killer, or LAK cells, appears to be derived from NK cells under the influence of IL-2. Human IL-2 is a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 15,000 - 18,000. Natural IL-2 is glycosylated and varying degrees of glycosylation apparently account for the observed range of molecular weights seen on SDS-PAGE. Human IL-2 is synthesized as a polypeptide of 153 amino acid residues. The first 20 amino acids represent a signal sequence that is cleaved to produce the mature factor. The mature protein contains three cysteine residues, two of which form a disulfide bond that is required for biological activity. Murine IL-2 is approximately 63% identical to human IL-2, but contains a unique stretch of repeated glutamine residues. There is marked species cross-reactivity as human IL-2 has been found to be active on murine cell lines. Cells known to produce IL-2 include thymocytes, gamma delta T cells, B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and neurons plus astrocytes. IL-2 is a factor produced and secreted primarily by activated T helper cells that acts as a autocrine factor driving the expansion of antigen-specific cells and as a paracrine factor influencing the activity of a number of other cells including B cells, NK cells and LAK cells. A simplified but useful view of these activities is of lymphocytes expanding under the influence of IL-2 and becoming the target of other cytokines that cause their functional differentiation. With respect to the specific role of IL-2 on the differentiation of T cells, the separation of CD4+ T helper cells into the categories of TH1 and TH2 according to their function in cell mediated or humoral immunity is a concept that is proving useful. In this system each category of cells secretes a characteristic set of cytokines that functions as a network to push the system either towards cellular immunity (delayed type hyper-sensitivity and cellular cytotoxicity) associated with TH1, or towards humoral immunity (antibodymediated) associated with TH2. IL-2, along with IFN-gamma and TNF-beta, is a defining product of the TH1 subset. Although the TH1 and TH2 subsets are relatively clearly defined in the murine immune system, these categories are not so clear-cut in the human immune system where the designations TH1-like and TH2-like have been suggested. Other cells under the possible influence of IL-2 are neutrophils, monocytes, and gamma delta T cells, all of which demonstrate either activation, augmented function, or increased survival when exposed to IL-2. Finally, it should be mentioned that IL-2 is finding its way, along with many other cytokines, into the neurosciences as a possible neuromodulator and growth regulator of glial cells. Because of the central role of the IL-2/IL-2R system in mediation of the immune response, it is obvious that monitoring and manipulation of this system has important test and therapeutic implications. IL-2 has shown promise as an anti-cancer drug by virtue of its ability to stimulate the proliferation and activities of tumor-attacking LAK and TIL (tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes) cells. However, problems with IL-2 toxicity are still of concern and merit investigation.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Uniprot Description
IL2: Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine- activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells. A chromosomal aberration involving IL2 is found in a form of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Translocation t(4;16)(q26;p13) with involves TNFRSF17. Belongs to the IL-2 family.
Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Oncoprotein; Cytokine; Secreted
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4q26-q27
Cellular Component: extracellular space; extracellular region
Molecular Function: growth factor activity; interleukin-2 receptor binding; cytokine activity; kinase activator activity; carbohydrate binding; glycosphingolipid binding; kappa-type opioid receptor binding
Biological Process: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes; negative regulation of heart contraction; natural killer cell activation; positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation; elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; cell-cell signaling; protein kinase C activation; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of B cell proliferation; cell adhesion; T cell differentiation; positive regulation of interleukin-17 production; regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation; positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation; positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion; positive regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; positive regulation of tissue remodeling; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein; negative regulation of inflammatory response; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; immune response; negative regulation of B cell apoptosis; positive regulation of inflammatory response; negative regulation of apoptosis
Research Articles on IL-2
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Product Notes
The IL-2 il2 (Catalog #AAA590007) is an ELISA Kit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "Interleukin-2, ELISA Kit" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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