Insulin Active Protein | INS active protein

Insulin Protein (Active)

Cat. Num. AAA355637

• Gene Names: INS; ILPR; IRDN; IDDM2; MODY10
• Applications: ELISA, SDS-Page
• Synonyms: Insulin; Insulin Protein (Active); INS active protein

• Host: E Coli
• Form/Format: Liquid
• Concentration: 2 mg/ml (varies by lot)

• Applicable Applications for INS active protein: ELISA (EIA), SDS-PAGE
• Biological Activity: 25 IU/mg
• Solubility: Limited at neutral pH and physiological salt.
• Storage Buffer: Each vial contains 10 mM Glycin buffer, pH 3.5 with 0.1% NaN3
• Storage Buffer: Each vial contains 10 mM Glycin buffer, pH 3.5 with 0.1% NaN3.
• Preparation and Storage: Ship at 4 degree C. Upon receipt, store at -20 degree C or -80 degree C for 2 years. After reconstituting, it can store at 4 degree C for a week, it is recommended to add 0.1% HSA or BSA for long term. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Related Product Information for INS active protein

Recombinant full length human Insulin protein.
Insulin, synthesized by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, consists of 2 dissimilar polypeptide chains, A and B, which are linked by 2 disulfide bonds. The human insulin gene contains 3 exons; exon 2 encodes the signal peptide, the B chain, and part of the C peptide, while exon 3 encodes the remainder of the C peptide and the A chain. Insulin has a potent acute antiinflammatory effect, including a reduction in intranuclear NF-kappa-B, an increase in IKB, and decreases in the generation of reactive oxygen species. It causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen inside these tissues, and improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after endurance training results from hemodynamic adaptations as well as increased cellular protein content of individual insulin signaling components and molecules involved in glucose transport and metabolism.

References

1. Steiner, D. F., Oyer, P. E. The biosynthesis of insulin and a probable precursor of insulin by a human islet cell adenoma. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 57: 473-480, 1967. 2. Dandona, P., Aljada, A., Mohanty, P., Ghanim, H., Hamouda, W., Assian, E., Ahmad, S. Insulin inhibits intranuclear nuclear factor kappa-B and stimulates I-kappa-B in mononuclear cells in obese subjects: evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect? J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 86: 3257-3265, 2001. 3. Frosig, C., Rose, A. J., Treebak, J. T., Kiens, B., Richter, E. A., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P. Effects of endurance exercise training on insulin signaling in human skeletal muscle: interactions at the level of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, and AS160. Diabetes 56: 2093-2102, 2007.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 386828
• NCBI GeneID: 3630
• UniProt Accession #: P01308; Q5EEX2
• Molecular Weight: 11,981 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: insulin
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: insulin
• NCBI Official Symbol: INS
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: ILPR; IRDN; IDDM2; MODY10
• NCBI Protein Information: insulin; proinsulin; preproinsulin
• UniProt Protein Name: Insulin
• Protein Family: Insulin
• UniProt Gene Name: INS
• UniProt Entry Name: INS_HUMAN

NCBI Description

After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

Uniprot Description

Function: Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.

Subunit structure: Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.

Subcellular location: Secreted.

Involvement in disease: Hyperproinsulinemia, familial (FHPRI) [MIM:176730]: An autosomal dominant condition characterized by elevated levels of serum proinsulin-like material.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.21 Ref.23 Ref.24 Ref.25Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:125852]: A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical features are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.34Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:606176]: A rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.32 Ref.33Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 (MODY10) [MIM:613370]: A form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.33 Ref.34 Ref.35

Pharmaceutical use: Available under the names Humulin or Humalog (Eli Lilly) and Novolin (Novo Nordisk). Used in the treatment of diabetes. Humalog is an insulin analog with 52-Lys-Pro-53 instead of 52-Pro-Lys-53.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the insulin family.

Sequence caution: The sequence AAA59179.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.