FAM-Phe-DAP Green FLISP Assay Kit | FAM-Phe-DAP assay kit

FAM-Phe-DAP Green FLISP Assay Kit

Cat. Num. AAA258026

• Synonyms: FAM-Phe-DAP Green FLISP; FAM-Phe-DAP Green FLISP Assay Kit; FAM-Phe-DAP assay kit

• Reagents: FFDAP
• Sample Protocol: Culture cells up to 1 x 10^6 cells/mL. Follow your experimental protocol where chymotrypsin-like enzyme activity will be investigated; create positive and negative controls for comparing chymotrypsin activity. Reconstitute the vial of FLISP reagent with the appropriate volume of DMSO to form the stock concentrate (can be frozen for future use). Dilute the stock concentrate with PBS to form the 50X sample spiking solution. Add 6-10 uL of the FLISP spiking solution directly to a 300-500 uL aliquot of your cell culture for labeling. Incubate 30 minutes -1 hour at 37 degree C in the dark. Wash cells 3X with fresh media or 1x working dilution of FLISP wash buffer. If desired, label cells with Hoechst stain. If desired, label cells with Propidium Iodide. If desired, fix cells for future analysis. Analyze data using a fluorescence microscope, plate reader, or flow cytometer.
• Target: Chymotrypsin-like enzymes
• Excitation / Emission: 488 nm / 530 nm
• Method of Analysis: Flow Cytometer, Fluorescence Microscope, Fluorescence Plate Reader
• Types of Samples: Cell Culture, Tissue
• Preparation and Storage: FLISP at -20 degree C; Other Kit Components at 2 - 8 degree C

Testing Data

(HL-60 cells were labeled with FAM-FLISP and ICT'sSR-VAD-FMK FLICA caspase reagent (kit #917) afterincubation with camptothecin for 3 hours. Cells with activeserine proteases stain green (FAM-FLISP, y-axis, Fig. 1)and cells with active caspases stain red (SR-VAD-FMK, x-axis,Fig. 5). Co-localization of serine protease activity versuscaspase activity is evident in dually stained cells (Figs. 2, 3, 4,& 6).The DIC image (Fig. 7) reveals many negative cells (Dr.Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Brander Cancer Center).)

Related Product Information for FAM-Phe-DAP assay kit

Description: Detect changes in intracellular chymotrypsin-like enzyme activity in whole living cells with the FLISP, Fluorescent-Labeled Inhibitors of Serine Proteases, product line of assay kits. These kits utilize either a leucine (L) or phenylalanine (F) chymotrypsin-targeting amino acid residue linked on the amino terminus with either a carboxyfluorescein (FAM) or sulforhodamine 101 (SR) fluorescent reporter tag. The carboxyl end of the F or L amino acid residue contains a reactive group that targets the catalytic site of serine proteases, consisting of either a chloromethyl ketone (CMK) or (aminoalkyl) phosphonate diphenyl ester (DAP) reactive group. After quickly penetrating the lipid bilayer membranes of the target cell population, the chymotrypsin-targeting FLISP probes will interact with the active catalytic sites of chymotrypsin-like proteases, quickly forming covalent bonds with either the reactive site histidine (N-H) (with the CMK-type FLISP probes) or the reactive serine OH group (when DAP-containing FLISP probes are utilized). In either case, unbound FLISP reagent is easily removed during the wash step, leaving cells with greater quantities of active chymotrypsin-like enzyme activity with a greater fluorescence potential than cells that did not undergo an upregulation of serine protease activity. FLISP probes bearing FAM reporter dyes are excited at 488 nm and emit in the green wavelength range of 525 nm. The red fluorescence FLISP probes that utilize sulforhodamine 101 as the reporter dye are excited at 590 nm and emit at 620 nm. FLISP probes are cell permeant and non-cytotoxic at the concentrations suggested in the assay protocol. The FAM-F-DAP chymotrypsin enzyme detection assay kits can be used in conjunction with your existing apoptosis detection protocols. They can be used successfully in tandem with the Red FLICA apoptosis detection assay kits to show a parallel upregulation of chymotrypsin-like enzyme activity and caspase activation. Each kit includes either 25 tests or 100 tests of FAM-F-DAP reagent, 10X wash buffer for removing excess FLISP probe following the FLISP incubation step, 10X fixative to stabilize cells if needed for next day analysis, PI vital stain for necrotic cell detection, and Hoechst 33342 dye to stain apoptotic nuclei. FAM-F-DAP stained cells can be analyzed using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence plate reader evaluation methodology.

Background: Chymotrypsin-like enzymes cleave their substrate proteins at the carboxy terminus of amino acids containing hydrophobic aliphatic or aromatic R-group side chains such as those found on leucine and phenylalanine amino acid structures [1]. The FAM-Phe-DAP (FLISP probe) is an analog of ICT's FAM-Phe-CMK chymotrypsin-targeting reagent, which was probe was designed as a fluorescent-labeled analog of the early chymotrypsin-like enzyme inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) [2]. Early studies using topoisomerase inhibitors in HL-60 cells indicated that TPCK, N-tosyl- L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and other serine protease inhibitors were able to prevent internucleosomal DNA degradation associated with apoptosis [3]. Dual staining experiments have used our original green FLISP chymotrypsin detection probe (FAM-F-CMK) and red FLICA poly caspase detection probe in the presence or absence of z-VAD-FMK, TPCK, or TLCK caspase or serine protease inhibitors with published success [2,4]. alpha-Aminoalkyl phosphonates (DAP probes) were developed to address the need for reagents capable of covalently labeling the reactive serine-OH amino acid groups within the catalytic sites of serine proteases [5-6]. Chloromethyl ketone-based inhibitors very efficiently perform the task of labeling serine proteases but also have the capability of reacting with other enzymes and proteins in a non-specific manner and are more subject to hydrolysis over time in aqueous/cell culture media environments [7]. FLISP probes containing this peptidyl alpha-aminoalkylphosphonate (DAP) organophosphorus inhibitor structure seek to satisfy the need for a reactive yet specific mechanism for labeling chymotrypsin-like serine proteases in whole living cells.

Product Categories/Family for FAM-Phe-DAP assay kit

Apoptosis Assays/Serine Protease Detection

References

Czapinska, H. and J. Otlewski. 1999. Structural and energetic determinants of the S1-site specificity in serine proteases. Eur. J. Biochem. 260: 571-595. Grabarek, J., M. Dragan, B.W. Lee, G.L. Johnson, and Z. Darzynkiewicz. 2002. Activation of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases during apoptosis detected by affinity-labeling of the enzymatic center with fluoresceinated inhibitor. Int. J. Oncol. 20: 225-233. Zhu, H., D. Dinsdale, E.S. Alnemri, and G.M. Cohen. 1997. Apoptosis in human monocytic THP-1 cells involves several distinct targets of N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK). Cell Death Diff. 4: 590-599. Grabarek, J., L. Du, G.L. Johnson, B.W. Lee, D. J. Phelps, and Z. Darzynkiewicz. 2002. Sequential activation of caspases and serine proteases (Serpases). Cell Cycle 1: 124-131. Oleksyszyn, J., and J. Powers. 1991. Irreversible inhibition of serine proteases by peptide derivatives of (?-aminoalkyl)phosphonate diphenyl esters. Biochemistry 30: 485-493. Abuelyaman, A.S., D.S. Jackson, D. Hudig, S.L. Woodard, and J.C. Powers. 1997. Synthesis and kinetic studies of diphenyl 1-(N-peptidylamino) alkanephosphonate esters and their biotinylated derivatives as inhibitors of serine proteases and probes for lymphocyte granzymes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 344: 271-280. Powers, J.C., J.L. Asgian, O.D. Ekici, and K.E. James. 2002. Irreversible inhibitors of serine, cysteine, and threonine proteases. Chem. Rev. 102: 4639-4750.