Heregulin beta-1 Active Protein | NRG1 active protein
Human Heregulin beta-1
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
The protein encoded by this gene was originally identified as a 44-kD glycoprotein that interacts with the NEU/ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase to increase its phosphorylation on tyrosine residues. This protein is a signaling protein that mediates cell-cell interactions and plays critical roles in the growth and development of multiple organ systems. It is known that an extraordinary variety of different isoforms are produced from this gene through alternative promoter usage and splicing. These isoforms are tissue-specifically expressed and differ significantly in their structure, and thereby these isoforms are classified into types I, II, III, IV, V and VI. The gene dysregulation has been linked to diseases such as cancer, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BPD). [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]
Uniprot Description
Function: Direct ligand for ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. Concomitantly recruits ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, resulting in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the ERBB receptors. The multiple isoforms perform diverse functions such as inducing growth and differentiation of epithelial, glial, neuronal, and skeletal muscle cells; inducing expression of acetylcholine receptor in synaptic vesicles during the formation of the neuromuscular junction; stimulating lobuloalveolar budding and milk production in the mammary gland and inducing differentiation of mammary tumor cells; stimulating Schwann cell proliferation; implication in the development of the myocardium such as trabeculation of the developing heart. Isoform 10 may play a role in motor and sensory neuron development. Ref.14 Ref.15
Subunit structure: The cytoplasmic domain interacts with the LIM domain region of LIMK1
By similarity. Interacts with ERBB3 and ERBB4. Ref.15 Ref.18
Subcellular location: Pro-neuregulin-1, membrane-bound isoform: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note: Does not seem to be active.Neuregulin-1: Secreted. Isoform 8: Nucleus. Note: May be nuclear.Isoform 9: Secreted. Note: Has a signal peptide.Isoform 10: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note: May possess an internal uncleaved signal sequence.
Tissue specificity: Type I isoforms are the predominant forms expressed in the endocardium. Isoform alphais expressed in breast, ovary, testis, prostate, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, placenta liver, kidney, salivary gland, small intestine and brain, but not in uterus, stomach, pancreas, and spleen. Isoform 3 is the predominant form in mesenchymal cells and in non-neuronal organs, whereas isoform 6 is the major neuronal form. Isoform 8 is expressed in spinal cord and brain. Isoform 9 is the major form in skeletal muscle cells; in the nervous system it is expressed in spinal cord and brain. Also detected in adult heart, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas. Isoform 10 is expressed in nervous system: spinal cord motor neurons, dorsal root ganglion neurons, and brain. Predominant isoform expressedin sensory and motor neurons. Not detected in adult heart, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. Not expressed in fetal lung, liver and kidney. Type IV isoforms are brain-specific. Ref.10
Developmental stage: Detectable at early embryonic ages. Isoform 10 is highly expressed in developing spinal motor neurons and in developing cranial nerve nuclei. Expression is maintained only in both adult motor neurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons. Type IV isoforms are expressed in fetal brain. Ref.10
Domain: The cytoplasmic domain may be involved in the regulation of trafficking and proteolytic processing. Regulation of the proteolytic processing involves initial intracellular domain dimerization
By similarity.ERBB receptor binding is elicited entirely by the EGF-like domain.
Post-translational modification: Proteolytic cleavage close to the plasma membrane on the external face leads to the release of the soluble growth factor form.N- and O-glycosylated. Extensive glycosylation precedes the proteolytic cleavage
By similarity. Ref.14
Involvement in disease: A chromosomal aberration involving NRG1 produces gamma-heregulin. Translocation t(8;11) with TENM4. The translocation fuses the 5'-end of TENM4 to NRG1 (isoform 8) The product of this translocation was first thought to be an alternatively spliced isoform. Gamma-heregulin is a soluble activating ligand for the ERBB2-ERBB3 receptor complex and acts as an autocrine growth factor in a specific breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-175). Not detected in breast carcinoma samples, including ductal, lobular, medullary, and mucinous histological types, neither in other breast cancer cell lines.
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the neuregulin family.Contains 1 EGF-like domain.Contains 1 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
Sequence caution: The sequence AAA19955.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Contaminating sequence. Sequence of unknown origin in the N-terminal part.The sequence AAC51756.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.
Research Articles on NRG1
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Product Notes
The NRG1 nrg1 (Catalog #AAA691755) is an Active Protein produced from E Coli and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The Human Heregulin beta-1 reacts with Human and may cross-react with other species as described in the data sheet. The amino acid sequence is listed below: SHLVKCAEKE KTFCVNGGEC FMVKDLSNPS RYLCKCPNEF TGDRCQ NYVM ASFYKHLGIE FMEAE. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "Heregulin beta-1, Active Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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