SDS-PAGE
ENPP2 recombinant protein
ENPP2 recombinant protein
SDS-PAGE
SDS-PAGE
Scientific Background: ENPP2 functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids which evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. It also may induce parturition (1). ENPP2 stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas (2).
2. Murata, J. et.al: cDNA cloning of human tumor motility-stimulating protein, autotaxin, reveals a homology with phosphodiesterases. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 30479-30484, 1994.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]
Uniprot Description
Function: Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12
Catalytic activity: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ethanolamine. Ref.12
Cofactor: Binds 2 zinc ions per subunit
By similarity.Binds 1 calcium ion per subunit
By similarity.
Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Inhibited by EDTA and EGTA
Probable. Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.12
Subcellular location: Secreted. Note: Secreted by most body fluids including serum and CSF. Also by adipocytes and numerous cancer cells. Ref.4
Tissue specificity: Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS). Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues. Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.5
Induction: Up-regulated in massively obese subjects with glucose intolerance, and during adipogenesis. Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.11 Ref.12
Post-translational modification: N-glycosylation, but not furin-cleavage, plays a critical role on secretion and on lysoPLD activity
By similarity.It has been suggested that the active SMB domain may be permitted considerable disulfide bond heterogeneity or variability, thus two alternate disulfide patterns based on 3D structures are described with 1 disulfide bond conserved in both.
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family.Contains 2 SMB (somatomedin-B) domains.
Biophysicochemical propertiesKinetic parameters:KM=0.5 mM for 16:0-LPC (at pH 8.5) Ref.5 Ref.8KM=5.5 mM for pNP-TMP (at pH 8.5)KM=11.3 mM for pNppp (isoform 1)KM=5.7 mM for pNppp (isoform 2)KM=19.8 mM for pNppp (isoform 3)Vmax=1.9 nmol/min/µg enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 1)Vmax=0.67 nmol/min/µg enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 2)Vmax=1.6 nmol/min/µg enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 3)pH dependence:Optimum pH is 9.0 (isoform 1), 8.0 (isoform 3). Isoform 1 is less sensitive to pH. Isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 all retain some activity at pH 9.5.Temperature dependence:Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are active from 45 to 60 degrees Celsius.
Research Articles on ENPP2
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Product Notes
The ENPP2 enpp2 (Catalog #AAA515211) is a Recombinant Protein produced from Sf9 insect cells and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The tag for this protein is GST tag!!Expression System||Sf9 insect cells using baculovirus!!Source Note||Recombinant human ENPP2 (36-end) was expressed by baculovirus in Sf9 insect cells using an N-terminal GST tag. AAA Biotech's ENPP2 can be used in a range of immunoassay formats including, but not limited to, Western Blot (WB). Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the ENPP2 enpp2 for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "ENPP2, Recombinant Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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