SDS-PAGE
SMAD2 recombinant protein
SMAD2 recombinant protein
SDS-PAGE
SDS-PAGE
Scientific Background: SMADs are essential intracellular components for the signal transduction of TGFβ family members. SMAD2 is an intracellular mediator of TGFβ family and activin type 1 receptor (1). SMAD2 mediate TGFβ signaling to regulate cell growth and differentiation. SMAD2 is released from cytoplasmic retention by TGFβ receptor-mediated phosphorylation. The phosphorylated SMAD2 then forms a heterodimeric complex with SMAD4, and this complex translocates from cytoplasm into nucleus. By interacting with DNA-binding proteins, SMAD2 complexes then positively or negatively regulate the transcription of target genes. Inactivating mutations in SMAD2 have been found in various cancers (2).
2. Eppert, K. et al: MADR2 maps to 18q21 and encodes a TGF-beta-regulated MAD-related protein that is functionally mutated in colorectal carcinoma. Cell. 1996; 86: 543-552.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. In response to TGF-beta signal, this protein is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors. The phosphorylation induces the dissociation of this protein with SARA and the association with the family member SMAD4. The association with SMAD4 is important for the translocation of this protein into the nucleus, where it binds to target promoters and forms a transcription repressor complex with other cofactors. This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]
Uniprot Description
Function: Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator. Ref.15 Ref.24 Ref.28 Ref.30 Ref.35
Subunit structure: Momomer; the absence of TGF-beta. Heterodimer; in the presence of TGF-beta. Forms a heterodimer with co-SMAD, SMAD4, in the nucleus to form the transactivation complex SMAD2/SMAD4. Interacts with AIP1, HGS, PML and WWP1
By similarity. Interacts with NEDD4L in response to TGF-beta
By similarity. Found in a complex with SMAD3 and TRIM33 upon addition of TGF-beta. Interacts with ACVR1B, SMAD3 and TRIM33. Interacts (via the MH2 domain) with ZFYVE9; may form trimers with the SMAD4 co-SMAD. Interacts with FOXH1, homeobox protein TGIF, PEBP2-alpha subunit, CREB-binding protein (CBP), EP300, SKI and SNW1. Interacts with SNON; when phosphorylated at Ser-465/467. Interacts with SKOR1 and SKOR2. Interacts with PRDM16. Interacts (via MH2 domain) with LEMD3. Interacts with RBPMS. Interacts with WWP1. Interacts (dephosphorylated form, via the MH1 and MH2 domains) with RANBP3 (via its C-terminal R domain); the interaction results in the export of dephosphorylated SMAD3 out of the nucleus and termination ot the TGF-beta signaling. Interacts with PDPK1 (via PH domain). Interacts with DAB2; the interactions are enhanced upon TGF-beta stimulation. Interacts with USP15. Interacts with PPP5C. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.21 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.24 Ref.25 Ref.27 Ref.28 Ref.29 Ref.32 Ref.35 Ref.36 Ref.39 Ref.40 Ref.46 Ref.47
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note: Cytoplasmic and nuclear in the absence of TGF-beta. On TGF-beta stimulation, migrates to the nucleus when complexed with SMAD4. On dephosphorylation by phosphatase PPM1A, released from the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, and exported out of the nucleus by interaction with RANBP1. Ref.9 Ref.24 Ref.35 Ref.40
Tissue specificity: Expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle, heart and placenta.
Post-translational modification: Phosphorylated on one or several of Thr-220, Ser-245, Ser-250, and Ser-255. In response to TGF-beta, phosphorylated on Ser-465/467 by TGF-beta and activin type 1 receptor kinases. TGF-beta-induced Ser-465/467 phosphorylation declines progressively in a SETD8-dependent manner. Able to interact with SMURF2 when phosphorylated on Ser-465/467, recruiting other proteins, such as SNON, for degradation. In response to decorin, the naturally occurring inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling, phosphorylated on Ser-240 by CaMK2. Phosphorylated by MAPK3 upon EGF stimulation; which increases transcriptional activity and stability, and is blocked by calmodulin. Phosphorylated by PDPK1. Ref.3 Ref.8 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.24 Ref.28 Ref.41In response to TGF-beta, ubiquitinated by NEDD4L; which promotes its degradation
By similarity. Monoubiquitinated, leading to prevent DNA-binding. Deubiquitination by USP15 alleviates inhibition and promotes activation of TGF-beta target genes.Acetylated on Lys-19 by coactivators in response to TGF-beta signaling, which increases transcriptional activity. Isoform short: Acetylation increases DNA binding activity in vitro and enhances its association with target promoters in vivo. Acetylation in the nucleus by EP300 is enhanced by TGF-beta.
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family.Contains 1 MH1 (MAD homology 1) domain.Contains 1 MH2 (MAD homology 2) domain.
Research Articles on SMAD2
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Product Notes
The SMAD2 smad2 (Catalog #AAA515217) is a Recombinant Protein produced from E Coli and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The tag for this protein is GST tag!!Expression System||E.coli!!Source Note||Recombinant full-length human SMAD2 was expressed in E. coli cells. AAA Biotech's SMAD2 can be used in a range of immunoassay formats including, but not limited to, Kinase Assay, Western Blot (WB). Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the SMAD2 smad2 for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "SMAD2, Recombinant Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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