Rat Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) ELISA Kit | HLA-DR elisa kit

Rat Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) ELISA Kit

Cat. Num. AAA9712670

• Gene Names: HLA-DQB1; IDDM1; CELIAC1; HLA-DQB
• Reactivity: Rat
• Synonyms: Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR); Rat Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) ELISA Kit; HLA-DR elisa kit

• Reactivity: Rat
• Specificity: Rat Leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Rat HLA-DR. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Rat HLA-DR and analogues was observed.
• Sequence Length: 42

• Assay Type: Sandwich ELISA (Quantitative)
• Samples: Cell Culture Supernatants, Serum, Plasma, Other Biological Fluids
• Detection Method: Colorimetric
• Usage Notes: * Do not mix components from different kit lots or use reagents beyond the kit expiration date.; * Allow all reagents to warm to room temperature for at least 30 minutes before opening.; * Pre-rinse the pipet tip with reagent, use fresh pipet tips for each sample, standard and reagent to avoid contamination.; * Unused wells must be kept desiccated at 4 degree C in the sealed bag provided.; * Mix Thoroughly is very important for the result. It is recommended using low frequency oscillator or slight hand shaking every 10 minutes.; * It is recommended that all samples and standards be assayed in duplicate or triplicate.
• Preparation and Storage: Store at 2-8 degree C.

Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)

(Fig.1. Rat Leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) Standard Curve.)

Related Product Information for HLA-DR elisa kit

Description: This Rat Leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate HLA-DR in samples. An antibody specific for HLA-DR has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any HLA-DR present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After removing any unbound substances, a biotin-conjugated antibody specific for HLA-DR is added to the wells. After washing, Streptavidin conjugated Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound avidin-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of HLA-DR bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

Background: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans. These cell-surface proteins are responsible for the regulation of the immune system in humans. The HLA gene complex resides on a 3 Mbp stretch within chromosome 6p21. HLA genes are highly polymorphic, which means that they have many different alleles, allowing them to fine-tune the adaptive immune system. The proteins encoded by certain genes are also known as antigens, as a result of their historic discovery as factors in organ transplants. Different classes have different functions: HLAs corresponding to MHC class I (A, B, and C) present peptides from inside the cell. For example, if the cell is infected by a virus, the HLA system brings fragments of the virus to the surface of the cell so that the cell can be destroyed by the immune system. These peptides are produced from digested proteins that are broken down in the proteasomes. In general, these particular peptides are small polymers, about 9 amino acids in length.[citation needed] Foreign antigens presented by MHC class I attract killer T-cells (also called CD8 positive- or cytotoxic T-cells) that destroy cells. MHC class I proteins associate with beta2-microglobulin, which unlike the HLA proteins is encoded by a gene on chromosome 15. HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DOA, DOB, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. These particular antigens stimulate the multiplication of T-helper cells, which in turn stimulate antibody-producing B-cells to produce antibodies to that specific antigen. Self-antigens are suppressed by regulatory T cells. HLAs corresponding to MHC class III encode components of the complement system. HLAs have other roles. They are important in disease defense. They are the major cause of organ transplant rejections. They may protect against or fail to protect (if down-regulated by an infection) against cancers.Mutations in HLA may be linked to autoimmune disease (examples: type I diabetes, coeliac disease). HLA may also be related to people's perception of the odor of other people, and may be involved in mate selection, as at least one study found a lower-than-expected rate of HLA similarity between spouses in an isolated community. Aside from the genes encoding the 6 major antigen-presenting proteins, there are a large number of other genes, many involved in immune function, located on the HLA complex. Diversity of HLAs in the human population is one aspect of disease defense, and, as a result, the chance of two unrelated individuals with identical HLA molecules on all loci is very low. HLA genes have historically been identified as a result of the ability to successfully transplant organs between HLA-similar individuals.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 642238
• NCBI GeneID: 3119
• NCBI Official Full Name: HLA-DR, partial
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1
• NCBI Official Symbol: HLA-DQB1
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: IDDM1; CELIAC1; HLA-DQB
• NCBI Protein Information: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain

NCBI Description

HLA-DQB1 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogs. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and it contains six exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DQ molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to four different molecules. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow transplantation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]