Oxidized PAPC Protein
Oxidized PAPC
Synonyms
Oxidized PAPC; Oxidized PAPC protein
Form/Format
1 mg dried OxPAPC prepared by air oxidation of synthetic PAPC according to ref. 1, packed under argon.
Application Notes
Application Use: 1. For use of total amount in once: Add buffer or medium used in the experiment and resuspend lipids by vigorous vortexing for at least 30 seconds. Warm the vial up to 30 degree C and vortex again for 1 minute. Avoid preparing concentrated stocks since OxPAPC is poorly soluble in water. Sonicate if necessary to ensure better resuspension of OxPAPC, although that is usually not necessary at concentrations below 150 150 ug/ml. The concentration range in which OxPAPC can be used depends on the cell type, but usually is below 100 ug/ml. High concentrations of OxPAPC can be toxic. For every new cell and assay type it is recommended to determine time- and concentration dependence.
Preparation and Storage
After arrival product should be stored at -20 degree C or -70 degree C. Under recommended storage conditions, product is stable for one year. Aliquots prepared in chloroform can be stored at preferably -70 degree C for a few months.
Related Product Information for Oxidized PAPC protein
Product Description: Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) is a prototypic biologically active oxidized phospholipid first isolated from LDL minimally modified by oxidation (MM-LDL). OxPAPC is an active principle of MM-LDL that mimics several pro- and anti-inflammatory effects induced by oxidized lipoproteins. Oxidation of PAPC generates a mixture of oxidized phospholipids containing either fragmented or full-length oxygenated sn-2 residues. The best-characterized oxidatively fragmented species contain a five-carbon sn-2 residue bearing omega-aldehyde or omega-carboxyl groups. Oxydation of arachidonic acid residue also produces phospholipids containing esterified isoprostanes. Both fragmented and full-length oxygenated species can regulate immune reactions. Pro-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC include stimulation of endothelial cells to bind monocytes and induction of tissue clotting factor, IL-8, MCP-1, G-CSF and other mediators of atherothrombosis. Anti-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC are mediated by induction of protective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 as well as suppression of innate immune responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to inhibition of LPS recognition by LPS-binding protein (LBP) and CD14. OxPAPC is active in vivo and was shown to protect mice in several models of acute inflammation induced by bacterial products. In addition, oxidized phospholipids present in OxPAPC are recognised by scavenger receptor CD36 and auto-antibodies present in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome. Biological activities of OxPAPC are mediated by a variety of signal transduction mechanisms, including elevation of cAMP and Ca2+ levels, activation of MAP kinases, PI-3-kinase and small GTPases Rac-1 and Cdc42. OxPAPC-induced gene expression is mediated by transcription factors such as Egr-1, NFAT, CREB, NRF2, ATF4 but does not involve NF degree B-dependent transcription. For biological tests we recommend to use 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PAPC, cat.# HC4043) as negative unoxidized controls.
References
1. Bochkov, V et al; Oxidized phospholipids stimulate tissue factor expression in human endothelial cells via activation of ERK/EGR-1 and Ca++/NFAT. Blood 2002, 99: 199 2. Birukov, K et al; Signal transduction pathways activated in human pulmonary endothelial cells by OxPAPC, a bioactive component of oxidized lipoproteins. Microvasc Res 2004, 67: 18
3. Zheng, M et al; Inhibition of LPS- and CpG DNA-induced TNF-alpha response by oxidized phospholipids. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004, 286: L808
4. Birukov, K et al; Epoxycyclopentenone-containing oxidized phospholipids restore endothelial barrier function via Cdc42 and Rac. Circ Res 2004, 95: 892
5. Furnkranz, A et al; Oxidized phospholipids trigger atherogenic inflammation in murine arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005, 25: 633
6. Blml, S et al; Oxidized phospholipids negatively regulate dendritic cell maturation induced by TLRs and CD40. J Immunol 2005, 175: 501
3. Zheng, M et al; Inhibition of LPS- and CpG DNA-induced TNF-alpha response by oxidized phospholipids. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004, 286: L808
4. Birukov, K et al; Epoxycyclopentenone-containing oxidized phospholipids restore endothelial barrier function via Cdc42 and Rac. Circ Res 2004, 95: 892
5. Furnkranz, A et al; Oxidized phospholipids trigger atherogenic inflammation in murine arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005, 25: 633
6. Blml, S et al; Oxidized phospholipids negatively regulate dendritic cell maturation induced by TLRs and CD40. J Immunol 2005, 175: 501
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Product Notes
The Oxidized PAPC (Catalog #AAA584642) is a Protein and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. Application Use: 1. For use of total amount in once: Add buffer or medium used in the experiment and resuspend lipids by vigorous vortexing for at least 30 seconds. Warm the vial up to 30 degree C and vortex again for 1 minute. Avoid preparing concentrated stocks since OxPAPC is poorly soluble in water. Sonicate if necessary to ensure better resuspension of OxPAPC, although that is usually not necessary at concentrations below 150 150 ug/ml. The concentration range in which OxPAPC can be used depends on the cell type, but usually is below 100 ug/ml. High concentrations of OxPAPC can be toxic. For every new cell and assay type it is recommended to determine time- and concentration dependence. Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the Oxidized PAPC for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "Oxidized PAPC, Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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