Rabbit Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Polyclonal Antibody | anti-APP antibody

Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Antibody: FITC

Cat. Num. AAA805173

• Gene Names: APP; AAA; AD1; PN2; ABPP; APPI; CVAP; ABETA; PN-II; CTFgamma
• Reactivity: Eukaryotes, Human, Mouse, Rat
• Applications: ELISA, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot
• Synonyms: Amyloid Oligomers (A11); Polyclonal Antibody; Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Antibody: FITC; A11; Amyloid Oligomer AlphaBeta; oligomers; amyloid; A11 antibody; anti-APP antibody

• Host: Rabbit
• Reactivity: Eukaryotes, Human, Mouse, Rat
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Form/Format: Protein A Purified
• Sequence Length: 770

• Applicable Applications for anti-APP antibody: ELISA (EIA), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Western Blot (WB)
• Application Notes: 1:1000-10000 (IHC), 1:1000(IP)
• Conjugate: FITC
• Storage Buffer: PBS, 50% glycerol, 0.09% sodium azide
• Preparation and Storage: -20 degree C

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

(Immunohistochemistry analysis using Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-506). Tissue: Alzheimer's Disease brain. Species: Human. Fixation: Formalin fixed. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-506) at 1:1000. Secondary Antibody: Goat Anti-Rabbit ATTO 594 (red). Localization: Plaque. (A) Amyloid Fibril (OC) Antibody (SPC-507). (B) Amyloid Oligomer (A11) Antibody (SPC-506). (C) Composite. Courtesy of: Dr. Elizabeth Head, University of California, Irvine.)

Western Blot (WB)

(Western blot analysis of Human Abeta42 fibrils and prefibrillar oligomers showing detection of Amyloid Oligomers (A11) protein using Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-506). Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-506) at 1:1000. Courtesy of: Kayed, R., Head, E., Thompson, J. L., McIntire, T. M., Milton, S. C., Cotman, C. W., et al. (2003). Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489. doi: 10.1126/science.1079469.)

Dot Blot (DB)

(Dot blot analysis using Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-506). Tissue: Abeta42 fibrils and prefibrillar oligomers. Species: Human. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Oligomers (A11) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-506) at 1:1000. Courtesy of: Kayed, R., Head, E., Thompson, J. L., McIntire, T. M., Milton, S. C., Cotman, C. W., et al. (2003). Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489. doi: 10.1126/science.1079469.)

Related Product Information for anti-APP antibody

Background Info: Recognizes all types of amyloid oligomers. Appears to recognize a peptide backbone epitope that is common to amyloid oligomers, but is not found in native proteins, amyloidgenic monomer or mature amyloid fibrils.

Scientific Background: Amyloid monomeric proteins can sometimes oligomerize into destructive amyloid fibrils. Amyloidogenic conformations of non-disease related proteins can be created by partial protein misfolding or denaturation. Many degenerative diseases are known to be related to the accumulation of misfolded proteins as amyloid fibres (1, 2). These include the amyloid-beta peptide plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in senile plaques of Alzheimer's symptomology, the deposition of alpha-synuclein in the Lewy bodies of Parkinson's disease, and accumulation of polyglutamine-containing aggregates in Huntington's disease (2, 3).

Product Categories/Family for anti-APP antibody

Neuroscience

References

1. Glabe C.G. (2004) Trends Biochem Sci. 29(10): 542-547. 2. Kayed R., et al. (2004) J Bio. Chem. 279: 46363-46366. 3. Kayed R., et al. (2003) Science. 300(5618): 486-489.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 4502167
• NCBI GeneID: 351
• NCBI Accession #: NP_000475.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_000484.2
• UniProt Accession #: P05067; P09000; P78438; Q13764; Q13778; Q13793; Q16011; B2R5V1; B4DII8; D3DSD1; D3DSD2; D3DSD3
• Molecular Weight: 84,521 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: amyloid beta A4 protein isoform a
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein
• NCBI Official Symbol: APP
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: AAA; AD1; PN2; ABPP; APPI; CVAP; ABETA; PN-II; CTFgamma
• NCBI Protein Information: amyloid beta A4 protein; preA4; protease nexin-II; peptidase nexin-II; beta-amyloid peptide; beta-amyloid peptide(1-40); beta-amyloid peptide(1-42); alzheimer disease amyloid protein; cerebral vascular amyloid peptide
• UniProt Protein Name: Amyloid beta A4 protein
• Protein Family: Amyloid beta A4 protein
• UniProt Gene Name: APP
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: A4; AD1; APP; CVAP; PN-II; S-APP-alpha; S-APP-beta; AICD-59; AID(59); AICD-57; AID(57); AICD-50; AID(50)
• UniProt Entry Name: A4_HUMAN

NCBI Description

This gene encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. In addition, two of the peptides are antimicrobial peptides, having been shown to have bacteriocidal and antifungal activities. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

Uniprot Description

APP: a cell surface receptor that influences neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides, some of which bind to the acetyltransferase complex Fe65/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation. The Abeta peptide is released from the cell, its extracellular deposition and accumulation form the main components of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis. Can promote transcription activation through binding to Fe65-Tip60 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(O) alpha ATPase activity. Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu(2+)-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV. Induces a RAGE-dependent pathway that activates p38 MAPK, resulting in internalization of amyloid-beta peptide and leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cortical neurons. Provides Cu(2+) ions for GPC1 which are required for release of nitric oxide (NO) and subsequent degradation of the heparan sulfate chains on GPC1. Binds, via its C-terminus, to the PID domain of several cytoplasmic proteins, including APBB family members, the APBA family, JIP1, SHC1 and, NUMB and DAB1. Binding to DAB1 inhibits its serine phosphorylation. Associates with microtubules in the presence of ATP and in a kinesin-dependent manner. Amyloid beta-42 binds nAChRA7 in hippocampal neurons. Beta-amyloid associates with HADH2. Soluble APP binds, via its N-terminal head, to FBLN1. Expressed in all fetal tissues examined with highest levels in brain, kidney, heart and spleen. Weak expression in liver. In adult brain, highest expression found in the frontal lobe of the cortex and in the anterior perisylvian cortex- opercular gyri. Moderate expression in the cerebellar cortex, the posterior perisylvian cortex-opercular gyri and the temporal associated cortex. Weak expression found in the striate, extra- striate and motor cortices. Expressed in cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma. 10 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. Isoform APP695 is the predominant form in neuronal tissue, isoform APP751 and isoform APP770 are widely expressed in non- neuronal cells. Isoform APP751 is the most abundant form in T-lymphocytes. Appican is expressed in astrocytes. The splice isoforms that contain the BPTI domain possess protease inhibitor activity. Belongs to the APP family.

Protein type: Receptor, misc.; Membrane protein, integral; Cell surface; Apoptosis; Transcription factor

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 21q21.3

Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; extracellular space; cell surface; integral to plasma membrane; integral to membrane; coated pit; intercellular junction; ER to Golgi transport vesicle; cytosol; lipid raft; ciliary rootlet; nuclear envelope lumen; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; cytoplasm; synapse; dendritic shaft; neuromuscular junction; endosome; receptor complex; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; dendritic spine; extracellular region; apical part of cell; axon; plasma membrane; spindle midzone

Molecular Function: serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity; heparin binding; identical protein binding; protein binding; enzyme binding; protease activator activity; DNA binding; transition metal ion binding; PTB domain binding; acetylcholine receptor binding; receptor binding

Biological Process: extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis; adult locomotory behavior; mRNA polyadenylation; locomotory behavior; positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle; protein amino acid phosphorylation; regulation of translation; platelet degranulation; synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction; forebrain development; dendrite development; collateral sprouting in the absence of injury; visual learning; neuromuscular process controlling balance; cell adhesion; neurite development; cholesterol metabolic process; platelet activation; Notch signaling pathway; cellular copper ion homeostasis; regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity; mating behavior; axon cargo transport; regulation of multicellular organism growth; endocytosis; axon midline choice point recognition; smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis; negative regulation of neuron differentiation; neuron apoptosis; axonogenesis; suckling behavior; ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway; regulation of protein binding; regulation of synapse structure and activity; innate immune response; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; response to oxidative stress; blood coagulation; neuron remodeling

Disease: Alzheimer Disease