IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
(The CCF STTG1 cell line was fixed with 5% acetic acid methanol solution for 30 minutes followed by a 5% BSA/PBS blocking. The cells were permeabilized by 0.1 % Triton x/PBS for 15 minutes and stained with Mouse Anti-Human GFAP-CY3. The slides were mounted with DAPI-Fluormount-G(R))
Mouse anti-Human GFAP Monoclonal Antibody | anti-GFAP antibody
Mouse Anti-Human GFAP-BIOT
Gene Names
GFAP; FLJ45472; GFAP
Reactivity
Human
Applications
ELISA, Immunoblot, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot
Synonyms
GFAP; Monoclonal Antibody; Mouse Anti-Human GFAP-BIOT; Mouse Anti-Human GFAP - Biotin; Mouse Anti-Human GFAP; anti-GFAP antibody
Host
Mouse
Reactivity
Human
Clonality
Monoclonal
Isotype
Mouse (BALB/c) IgG2b, kappa
Clone Number
SB61b1
Specificity
Reacts with human GFAP (~ 50 kDa)1
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP) was discovered by Bignami et al 2 as a major fibrous protein of multiple sclerosis plaques. It was subsequently found to be a member of the 10 nm or intermediate filament protein family, specifically the intermediate filament protein family Class III, which also includes peripherin, desmin and vimentin. GFAP is heavily, and specifically, expressed in astrocytes and certain other astroglia in the central nervous system, in satellite cells in peripheral ganglia, and in non-myelinating Schwann cells in peripheral nerves.3 Many types of brain tumors, presumably of astrocytic origin, heavily express GFAP. In addition, neural stem cells frequently strongly express GFAP. It is also found in the lens epithelium, Kupffer cells of the liver, in some cells of salivary tumors, and has been reported in erythrocytes. Therefore, antibodies to GFAP are very useful as markers of astrocytic cells and neural stem cells, and for distinguishing neoplasms of astrocytic origin from other neoplasms in the central nervous system.
Although its function is not fully understood, GFAP protein is probably involved in controlling the shape and movement of astrocytes. The protein may also play a significant role in the interactions of astrocytes with other cells, which are required for the formation and maintenance of the myelin layer that covers nerve cells. Additionally, GFAP may assist in maintaining the protective blood-brain barrier.
In adults, GFAP levels increase as a result of the proliferation of astrocytes that occurs in response to a variety of physical, chemical and etiological insults, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. Alexander's disease was recently shown to be caused by point mutations in the protein-coding region of the GFAP gene.4 All forms of Alexander's disease are characterized by the presence of Rosenthal fibers, which are GFAP-containing cytoplasmic inclusions found in astrocytes.
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP) was discovered by Bignami et al 2 as a major fibrous protein of multiple sclerosis plaques. It was subsequently found to be a member of the 10 nm or intermediate filament protein family, specifically the intermediate filament protein family Class III, which also includes peripherin, desmin and vimentin. GFAP is heavily, and specifically, expressed in astrocytes and certain other astroglia in the central nervous system, in satellite cells in peripheral ganglia, and in non-myelinating Schwann cells in peripheral nerves.3 Many types of brain tumors, presumably of astrocytic origin, heavily express GFAP. In addition, neural stem cells frequently strongly express GFAP. It is also found in the lens epithelium, Kupffer cells of the liver, in some cells of salivary tumors, and has been reported in erythrocytes. Therefore, antibodies to GFAP are very useful as markers of astrocytic cells and neural stem cells, and for distinguishing neoplasms of astrocytic origin from other neoplasms in the central nervous system.
Although its function is not fully understood, GFAP protein is probably involved in controlling the shape and movement of astrocytes. The protein may also play a significant role in the interactions of astrocytes with other cells, which are required for the formation and maintenance of the myelin layer that covers nerve cells. Additionally, GFAP may assist in maintaining the protective blood-brain barrier.
In adults, GFAP levels increase as a result of the proliferation of astrocytes that occurs in response to a variety of physical, chemical and etiological insults, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. Alexander's disease was recently shown to be caused by point mutations in the protein-coding region of the GFAP gene.4 All forms of Alexander's disease are characterized by the presence of Rosenthal fibers, which are GFAP-containing cytoplasmic inclusions found in astrocytes.
Form/Format
Biotin (BIOT) Conjugate
Sequence Length
432
Applicable Applications for anti-GFAP antibody
Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay (ELISA)
Immunoblotting
Immunocytochemistry
Immunoblotting
Immunocytochemistry
Application Notes
WORKING DILUTIONS
Immunocytochemistry:
Purified (UNLB) antibody : < or = 5 ug/mL
CY3 conjugate: < or = 1ug/mL
Immunoblotting:
Purified (UNLB) antibody: < or = 2 ug/mL
HRP Conjugate: 1:2,000 - 1:4,000; 1:5,000 - 1:10,000 (With enhancer)
Other Applications:
Since applications vary, you should determine the optimum working dilution of the product that is appropriate for your specific need.
Immunocytochemistry:
Purified (UNLB) antibody : < or = 5 ug/mL
CY3 conjugate: < or = 1ug/mL
Immunoblotting:
Purified (UNLB) antibody: < or = 2 ug/mL
HRP Conjugate: 1:2,000 - 1:4,000; 1:5,000 - 1:10,000 (With enhancer)
Other Applications:
Since applications vary, you should determine the optimum working dilution of the product that is appropriate for your specific need.
Immunogen
Recombinant human Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP)
Characterization
To ensure acceptable performance, each batch of product is tested by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to conform to characteristics of a standard reference reagent.
WARNING
Reagents contain sodium azide. Sodium azide is very toxic if ingested or inhaled. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Wear eye or face protection when handling. If skin or eye contact occurs, wash with copious amounts of water. If ingested or inhaled, contact a physician immediately. Sodium azide yields toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide-containing compounds in running waterbefore discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in lead or copper plumbing.
Preparation and Storage
The purified (UNLB) antibody is supplied as 0.5 mg purified immunoglobulin in 1.0 mL of 100 mM borate buffered saline, pH 8.0; store at 2-8 degree C.
HRP conjugate is supplied in 1.0 mL of stock solution in 50% glycerol/50% phosphate buffered saline, pH.7.4. No preservative added. Store at 2-8 degree C or long-term at -20 degree C.
The biotin (BIOT) conjugate is supplied as 0.5 mg in 1.0 mL PBS/NaN3. Store at 2-8 degree C.
Reagents are stable for the period shown on the label if stored as directed.
HRP conjugate is supplied in 1.0 mL of stock solution in 50% glycerol/50% phosphate buffered saline, pH.7.4. No preservative added. Store at 2-8 degree C or long-term at -20 degree C.
The biotin (BIOT) conjugate is supplied as 0.5 mg in 1.0 mL PBS/NaN3. Store at 2-8 degree C.
Reagents are stable for the period shown on the label if stored as directed.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
(The CCF STTG1 cell line was fixed with 5% acetic acid methanol solution for 30 minutes followed by a 5% BSA/PBS blocking. The cells were permeabilized by 0.1 % Triton x/PBS for 15 minutes and stained with Mouse Anti-Human GFAP-CY3. The slides were mounted with DAPI-Fluormount-G(R))
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
(The CCF STTG1 cell line was fixed with 5% acetic acid methanol solution for 30 minutes followed by a 5% BSA/PBS blocking. The cells were permeabilized by 0.1 % Triton x/PBS for 15 minutes and stained with Mouse Anti-Human GFAP-CY3. The slides were mounted with DAPI-Fluormount-G(R))
References
1) Lukas, Z. et al. 1989. Expression of vimentin and glial fibrillary acid protein in human developing spinal cord. Histochem. J. 21:693.
3) Brenner, M. et al. 2001. Mutations in GFAP, encoding glial fibrillary acid protein, are associated with Alexander's Disease. Nat. Genet. 7:118-120.
3) Brenner, M. et al. 2001. Mutations in GFAP, encoding glial fibrillary acid protein, are associated with Alexander's Disease. Nat. Genet. 7:118-120.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI GI #
NCBI GeneID
UniProt Accession #
Molecular Weight
49,880 Da
NCBI Official Full Name
glial fibrillary acidic protein
NCBI Official Synonym Full Names
glial fibrillary acidic protein
NCBI Official Symbol
GFAP
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols
FLJ45472; GFAP
NCBI Protein Information
glial fibrillary acidic protein
UniProt Protein Name
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Protein Family
UniProt Gene Name
GFAP
UniProt Entry Name
GFAP_HUMAN
NCBI Description
This gene encodes one of the major intermediate filament proteins of mature astrocytes. It is used as a marker to distinguish astrocytes from other glial cells during development. Mutations in this gene cause Alexander disease, a rare disorder of astrocytes in the central nervous system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq]
Uniprot Description
Function: GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells.
Subunit structure: Interacts with SYNM
By similarity. Isoform 3 interacts with PSEN1 (via N-terminus). Ref.15
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Note: Associated with intermediate filaments. Ref.15
Tissue specificity: Expressed in cells lacking fibronectin. Ref.3
Post-translational modification: Phosphorylated by PKN1. Ref.17
Involvement in disease: Defects in GFAP are a cause of Alexander disease (ALEXD) [
MIM:203450]. Alexander disease is a rare disorder of the central nervous system. It is a progressive leukoencephalopathy whose hallmark is the widespread accumulation of Rosenthal fibers which are cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes. The most common form affects infants and young children, and is characterized by progressive failure of central myelination, usually leading to death usually within the first decade. Infants with Alexander disease develop a leukoencephalopathy with macrocephaly, seizures, and psychomotor retardation. Patients with juvenile or adult forms typically experience ataxia, bulbar signs and spasticity, and a more slowly progressive course. Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.24
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the intermediate filament family.
Research Articles on GFAP
1. This protein has been found differentially expressed in thalami from patients with schizophrenia.
2. Data demonstrate that withaferin A covalently binds soluble recombinant tetrameric human GFAP at cysteine 294.
3. GFAP+1 expressing astrocytes may have a specific role in Alzheimer's disease
4. Results identified glial fibrillary acidic protein that showed elevated levels of protein carbonyls in inferior parietal lobule (IPL) from subjects with early stage-Alzheimer's disease.
5. Determination of relative levels of MBP and GFAP mRNAs may be useful for glial tumors recognition.
6. GFAP-delta may be a useful diagnostic marker for the evaluation of functional cataplasia or proliferation of astrocytic tumor.
7. GFAP is a potential marker for tumors with cartilaginous differentiation.
8. Novel variant (S398F) in the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene is found in a patient with Alexander disease.
9. GFAP-delta is expressed in a variety of pathologies associated with epilepsy, increased expression is shown in regions of astrocytic gliosis
10. GFAP had higher mean expression levels across regions in all psychiatric groups relative to normal control.
11. the best immunohistochemical markers useful for the evaluation of tumors with chordoid morphology were D2-40, EMA, cytokeratin, and GFAP. D2-40 was a true chondroid marker to be useful for the differential diagnosis with chordoma
12. our cell transfection data do indicate that the p.Glu223Gln change has an effect on GFAP polymerization, albeit a modest one
13. Population variation in GFAP with varying Alzheimer lesion burdens suggests that they are not the only driver for astrogliosis
14. NFI family of transcription factors plays a key role in the regulation of both the B-FABP and GFAP genes in malignant glioma cells.
15. This study indicates that the mechanism of GFAP aggregation depends on the domain in which the point mutation(R239C and R416W) is located.
16. Data show tha GFAP levels are significantly higher in intracerebral hemorrhage patients than in ischemic stroke patients.
17. EAAT-1 is superior to GFAP as a helpful diagnostic tool for cancer in choroid plexus samples
18. This protein has been found differentially expressed in the Wernicke's Area from patients with schizophrenia.
19. In Alexander disease mouse models that loss of Cryab results in increased mortality, whereas elevation of Cryab rescues animals from terminal seizures.
20. Downregulated by cytomegalovirus IE1 and IE2 proteins during HCMV infection in U373MG cell line.
2. Data demonstrate that withaferin A covalently binds soluble recombinant tetrameric human GFAP at cysteine 294.
3. GFAP+1 expressing astrocytes may have a specific role in Alzheimer's disease
4. Results identified glial fibrillary acidic protein that showed elevated levels of protein carbonyls in inferior parietal lobule (IPL) from subjects with early stage-Alzheimer's disease.
5. Determination of relative levels of MBP and GFAP mRNAs may be useful for glial tumors recognition.
6. GFAP-delta may be a useful diagnostic marker for the evaluation of functional cataplasia or proliferation of astrocytic tumor.
7. GFAP is a potential marker for tumors with cartilaginous differentiation.
8. Novel variant (S398F) in the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene is found in a patient with Alexander disease.
9. GFAP-delta is expressed in a variety of pathologies associated with epilepsy, increased expression is shown in regions of astrocytic gliosis
10. GFAP had higher mean expression levels across regions in all psychiatric groups relative to normal control.
11. the best immunohistochemical markers useful for the evaluation of tumors with chordoid morphology were D2-40, EMA, cytokeratin, and GFAP. D2-40 was a true chondroid marker to be useful for the differential diagnosis with chordoma
12. our cell transfection data do indicate that the p.Glu223Gln change has an effect on GFAP polymerization, albeit a modest one
13. Population variation in GFAP with varying Alzheimer lesion burdens suggests that they are not the only driver for astrogliosis
14. NFI family of transcription factors plays a key role in the regulation of both the B-FABP and GFAP genes in malignant glioma cells.
15. This study indicates that the mechanism of GFAP aggregation depends on the domain in which the point mutation(R239C and R416W) is located.
16. Data show tha GFAP levels are significantly higher in intracerebral hemorrhage patients than in ischemic stroke patients.
17. EAAT-1 is superior to GFAP as a helpful diagnostic tool for cancer in choroid plexus samples
18. This protein has been found differentially expressed in the Wernicke's Area from patients with schizophrenia.
19. In Alexander disease mouse models that loss of Cryab results in increased mortality, whereas elevation of Cryab rescues animals from terminal seizures.
20. Downregulated by cytomegalovirus IE1 and IE2 proteins during HCMV infection in U373MG cell line.
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Product Notes
The GFAP gfap (Catalog #AAA670162) is an Antibody produced from Mouse and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The Mouse Anti-Human GFAP-BIOT reacts with Human and may cross-react with other species as described in the data sheet. AAA Biotech's GFAP can be used in a range of immunoassay formats including, but not limited to, Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay (ELISA) Immunoblotting Immunocytochemistry. WORKING DILUTIONS Immunocytochemistry: Purified (UNLB) antibody : < or = 5 ug/mL CY3 conjugate: < or = 1ug/mL Immunoblotting: Purified (UNLB) antibody: < or = 2 ug/mL HRP Conjugate: 1:2,000 - 1:4,000; 1:5,000 - 1:10,000 (With enhancer) Other Applications: Since applications vary, you should determine the optimum working dilution of the product that is appropriate for your specific need. Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the GFAP gfap for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "GFAP, Monoclonal Antibody" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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