Human NGAL ELISA Kit | NGAL elisa kit
NGAL, Human, ELISA Kit
Background/Introduction: Human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), also known as human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL, ~25 kDa) is present in specific granules. Neutrophils co-express NGAL and human neutrophil gelatinase B (MMP-9), which are both stored in the same specific granules. Upon activation, human neutrophils secrete the content of these specific granules. NGAL exists as monomer (25 kDa), homodimer, and as heterodimer complex with human neutrophil gelatinase B (MMP-9) (ca 125kDa). NGAL can be secreted as monomer as well as in complex MMP-9. NGAL is a member of the lipocalin superfamily, a family of small extracellular proteins that are characterized by the ability to bind small hydrophobic molecules, such as retinol. Furthermore, they can bind to specific cell surface receptors. Lipocalins can be used as biochemical markers in relation to various diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, cancer, lipid disorders, liver and kidney function. NGAL has been identified as an iron-transporting protein during nephrogenesis, demonstrating a role for NGAL in the formation of kidney epithelia. Furthermore, NGAL is suggested to have microbicidal properties and to play a role in regulation of inflammation and cellular growth. NGAL is generally expressed at very low concentrations in a wide range of human tissues, including kidney, trachea, lungs, stomach, and colon. In injured epithelia, NGAL expression is induced and consequently NGAL concentrations are elevated, for example, during acute bacterial infections, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, NGAL is strongly expressed in bowel adenomas, adenocarcinomas of the breast and urothelial carcinomas. Because of its small size, NGAL is readily secreted and detectable in urine, turning NGAL into an early marker for certain renal conditions. Measurement of NGAL is an experimental tool to distinguish between acute viral and bacterial infections. NGAL expression is most extensively studied as biomarker for renal diseases, but many other pathologies are associated with raised levels of urinary or humoral NGAL. However, measurement of NGAL levels in other disorders like, for example, infection must be treated with caution, since bystander neoplastic conditions or renal disorders themselves increase NGAL levels and may therefore distort the measurements and interpretation of the results. The NGAL assay is capable of binding monomeric and dimeric NGAL as well as NGAL/MMP9 complex. In urine, by preference the heterodimeric complex is measured. The assay contains purified recombinant NGAL as a standard.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
Uniprot Description
LCN2: Iron-trafficking protein involved in multiple processes such as apoptosis, innate immunity and renal development. Binds iron through association with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5- DHBA), a siderophore that shares structural similarities with bacterial enterobactin, and delivers or removes iron from the cell, depending on the context. Iron-bound form (holo-24p3) is internalized following binding to the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor, leading to release of iron and subsequent increase of intracellular iron concentration. In contrast, association of the iron-free form (apo-24p3) with the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor is followed by association with an intracellular siderophore, iron chelation and iron transfer to the extracellular medium, thereby reducing intracellular iron concentration. Involved in apoptosis due to interleukin-3 (IL3) deprivation: iron-loaded form increases intracellular iron concentration without promoting apoptosis, while iron-free form decreases intracellular iron levels, inducing expression of the proapoptotic protein BCL2L11/BIM, resulting in apoptosis. Involved in innate immunity, possibly by sequestrating iron, leading to limit bacterial growth. Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 9q34
Cellular Component: extracellular space; extracellular region; cytosol
Molecular Function: protein homodimerization activity; protease binding; transporter activity; iron ion binding
Biological Process: response to drug; cellular response to nutrient levels; cellular iron ion homeostasis; response to virus; siderophore transport; positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis; innate immune response; ion transport; response to herbicide; transmembrane transport
Research Articles on NGAL
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Product Notes
The Human NGAL lcn2 (Catalog #AAA584559) is an ELISA Kit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The AAA584559 ELISA Kit recognizes Human NGAL. Application Notes: The NGAL ELISA has been developed for the quantitative measurement of human NGAL in cell culture medium, plasma and urine. Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the NGAL lcn2 for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "NGAL, ELISA Kit" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
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