Human Adiponectin ELISA Kit | ADIPOQ elisa kit
Adiponectin: Human rapid (ELISA)
Background/Introduction: Adiponectin, also known as apM1, Acrp30, GBP28 and adipoQ, is a circulating hormone predominantly produced from adipose tissue1. Many pharmacological studies demonstrated that this protein possesses potent anti-diabetic, antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory functions. Supplement of adiponectin protein can decrease blood glucose2, improve insulin sensitivity3, alleviate fatty liver4 and prevent atherosclerosis5. The protein is posttranslationally modified by hydroxylation and glycosylation6, and forms three different oligomeric complexes in the circulation7. Many clinical studies demonstrated that plasma adiponectin is an useful biomarker for metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and certain type of cancers1. Decreased circulating levels of plasma adiponectin ('hypoadiponectinaemia') are associated with increased body mass index (BMI), decreased insulin sensitivity, less favourable plasma lipid profiles, increased levels of inflammatory markers and increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart diseases. Low adiponectin concentrations were found to be predictive of a future reduction in insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disorders. Administration of the anti-diabetic drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) raises circulating adiponectin levels8. In addition, low plasma adiponectin levels are also associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and certain types of cancers.
2. Protective role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disease. Shibata R, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Curr Med Chem. 2012 19(32):5459-66
3. Adiponectin, an anti-carcinogenic hormone A systematic review on breast, colorectal, liver and prostate cancer. Perrier S, Jardé T.Curr Med Chem. 2012 19(32):5501-12
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene is expressed in adipose tissue exclusively. It encodes a protein with similarity to collagens X and VIII and complement factor C1q. The encoded protein circulates in the plasma and is involved with metabolic and hormonal processes. Mutations in this gene are associated with adiponectin deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]
Uniprot Description
adiponectin: Important adipokine involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and activation in the liver and the skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose utilization and fatty-acid combustion. Antagonizes TNF-alpha by negatively regulating its expression in various tissues such as liver and macrophages, and also by counteracting its effects. Inhibits endothelial NF-kappa-B signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. May play a role in cell growth, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling by binding and sequestering various growth factors with distinct binding affinities, depending on the type of complex, LMW, MMW or HMW. Homomultimer. Forms trimers, hexamers and 12- to 18-mers. The trimers (low molecular weight complexes / LMW) are assembled via non-covalent interactions of the collagen-like domains in a triple helix and hydrophobic interactions within the globular C1q domain. Several trimers can associate to form disulfide-linked hexamers (middle molecular weight complexes / MMW) and larger complexes (higher molecular weight / HMW). The HMW-complex assembly may rely aditionally on lysine hydroxylation and glycosylation. LMW, MMW and HMW complexes bind to HBEGF, MMW and HMW complexes bind to PDGFB, and HMW complex binds to FGF2. Interacts with CTRP9A via the C1q domain (heterotrimeric complex). Synthesized exclusively by adipocytes and secreted into plasma.
Protein type: Secreted; Endoplasmic reticulum; Secreted, signal peptide; Hormone
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3q27
Cellular Component: extracellular space; cell surface; collagen; endoplasmic reticulum; extracellular region
Molecular Function: identical protein binding; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; hormone activity; cytokine activity; sialic acid binding; receptor binding
Biological Process: circadian rhythm; negative regulation of phagocytosis; negative regulation of MAP kinase activity; negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; negative regulation of hormone secretion; response to glucocorticoid stimulus; positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; membrane hyperpolarization; negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; glucose homeostasis; negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; positive regulation of glucose import; negative regulation of gluconeogenesis; response to glucose stimulus; adiponectin-mediated signaling pathway; negative regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation; negative regulation of blood pressure; negative regulation of cell migration; protein homooligomerization; response to nutrient; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of signal transduction; negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion; glucose metabolic process; negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; negative regulation of fat cell differentiation; negative regulation of synaptic transmission; response to sucrose stimulus; membrane depolarization; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; fatty acid beta-oxidation; positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process; response to ethanol; cellular response to insulin stimulus; negative regulation of macrophage differentiation; negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process; negative regulation of inflammatory response; response to hypoxia; brown fat cell differentiation; fatty acid oxidation; response to activity; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis; positive regulation of blood pressure
Disease: Adiponectin, Serum Level Of, Quantitative Trait Locus 1
