IL-4 elisa kit

Swine IL-4 ELISA KIT

Cat. Num. AAA8506104

• Gene Names: Il4; Il4e12
• Synonyms: IL-4; Swine IL-4 ELISA KIT; IL-4 elisa kit

• Specificity: This assay recognizes both natural and recombinant rat IL-1alpha. The factors listed below were prepared at 50ng/ml in Standard /sample Diluent and assayed for cross-reactivity and no significant cross-reactivity or interference was observed.
• Sequence Length: 147

• Assay Type: Quantitative Sandwich
• Sensitivity: 7pg/mL.

Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)

Related Product Information for IL-4 elisa kit

Principle of the Assay: This assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. A monoclonal antibody specific for IL-1alpha has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any IL-1alpha present is bound by the immobilized antibody. Following incubation unbound samples are removed during a wash step, and then a detection antibody specific for IL-1alpha is added to the wells and binds to the combination of capture antibody-IL-1alpha in sample. Following a wash to remove any unbound combination, and enzyme conjugate is added to the wells. Following incubation and wash steps a substrate is added. A coloured product is formed in proportion to the amount of IL-1alpha present in the sample. The reaction is terminated by addition of acid and absorbance is measured at 450nm. A standard curve is prepared from seven IL-1alpha standard dilutions and IL-1alpha sample concentration determined!!Background/Introduction: Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha, also known as IL-1F1) and IL-1beta (IL-1F2) are pleiotropic cytokines that belong to the IL-1 gene family. IL-1alpha and IL-1beta bind to the same cell surface receptors and share biological functions. The two proteins have approximately 23% amino acid (aa) sequence homology and both are synthesized as 31 kDa precursors that lack hydrophobic signal peptide sequences. Current evidence suggests that IL-1 proteins may be secreted via non-classical pathways. Rat IL-1alpha cDNA encodes a 270 aa residue pro-IL-1alpha precursor. The 114 aa pro-region contains a nuclear localization sequence, a lysine-based myristoylation site, one phosphorylation site, and one potential N-linked glycosylation site. The 156 aa mature region contains no cysteines and one potential N-linked glycosylation site. Pro-IL-1alpha is primarily localized to the cytosol after synthesis. It is known to translocate to the nucleus after cell activation and initiate gene transcription. Some IL-1alpha is released extracellularly and exists as either a membrane-bound form or as a circulating 17 kDa molecule. When membranebound, membrane association is mediated either via a poorly-understood cell surface lectin interaction with the glycosylated IL-1alpha pro-form, or by interaction of myristoylated pro-IL-1alpha with plasma membrane phospho-lipids. When released as a 17 kDa soluble form, calpain initiates cleavage of the pro-IL-1alpha precursor. Unlike pro-IL-1beta, which is biologically inactive, both pro-IL-1alpha and mature IL-1alpha have been shown to be biologically active. Within the mature protein, rat IL-1alpha shares 79%, 60%, 59%, 58%, 57%, and 56% aa sequence identity with mouse, rabbit, human, bovine, canine and feline proteins, respectively. Mammalian cells known to express IL-1alpha include brown adipocytes, keratinocytes, monocytes, macrophages, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, mast cells, Schwann cells, as well as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Three type I transmembrane immunoglobulin superfamily proteins, IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1 R1), IL-1 receptor type II (IL-1 R2), and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1 RAcP, IL-1 R3) are involved in the formation of high affinity cell surface IL-1 receptor complexes. Both IL-1 R1 and IL-1 R2 can bind directly to IL-1alpha. IL-1 RAcP does not bind IL-1alpha directly, but interacts with IL-1 R1 in the presence of IL-1 to form the high-affinity receptor complex which is required for intracellular signal transduction. IL-1 RAcP also interacts with IL-1 R2 to form a non-functional high-affinity receptor complex that does not transduce IL-1 signals. Therefore, IL-1 R2 functions as a decoy receptor that attenuates IL-1alpha functions. IL-1alpha possesses a wide variety of biological activities and plays a central role in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. Normal production of IL-1alpha is critical for hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, osteoclast differentiation, and initiation of normal host responses to injury and infection. Inappropriate production of IL-1alpha has been implicated in the production of a variety of pathological conditions including sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 42627877
• NCBI GeneID: 287287
• NCBI Accession #: NP_958427.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_201270.1
• UniProt Accession #: P20096
• Molecular Weight: 16,247 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: interleukin-4
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: interleukin 4
• NCBI Official Symbol: Il4
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: Il4e12
• NCBI Protein Information: interleukin-4
• UniProt Protein Name: Interleukin-4
• UniProt Gene Name: Il4
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: Il-4; IL-4; BSF-1

NCBI Description

Th2-type cytokine; may be involved in inflammatory response in eosinophils [RGD, Feb 2006]

Uniprot Description

Participates in at least several B-cell activation processes as well as of other cell types. It is a costimulator of DNA-synthesis. It induces the expression of class II MHC molecules on resting B-cells. It enhances both secretion and cell surface expression of IgE and IgG1. It also regulates the expression of the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) on both lymphocytes and monocytes. Positively regulates IL31RA expression in macrophages.