Stromal Cell Derived Factor 1 beta Active Protein | CXCL12 active protein
Stromal Cell Derived Factor 1 beta, Recombinant, Human (SDF1b, CXCL12b, Pre-B Cell Growth-stimulating Factor, PBSF, hIRH, Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 12b, TPAR1, SCYB12, TLSF-b)
98% by RP-HPLC, FPLC, or reducing/non-reducing SDS-PAGE Silver Stain. Chromatographically purified.
98% by RP-HPLC, FPLC, or reducing/non-reducing SDS-PAGE Silver Stain. Chromatographically purified.
1. UV spectroscopy at 280nm using the absorbency value of 1.06 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics).
2. Analysis by RP-HPLC, using a calibrated solution of Recombinant Human Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 beta as a Reference Standard.
SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1) is small cytokine belonging to the chemokine family that is officially designated Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12). Stromal cell-derived factors 1-alpha and 1-beta are small cytokines that belong to the intercrine family, members of which activate leukocytes and are often induced by proinflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide, TNF, or IL1. The intercrines are characterized by the presence of 4 conserved cysteines which form 2 disulfide bonds. They can be classified into 2 subfamilies. In the CC subfamily, which includes beta chemokine, the cysteine residues are adjacent to each other. In the CXC subfamily, which includes alpha chemokine, they are separated by an intervening amino acid. The SDF1 proteins belong to the latter group. SDF-1 is produced in two forms, SDF-1a/CXCL12a and SDF-1b/CXCL12b, by alternate splicing of the same gene.[2] Chemokines are characterized by the presence of four conserved cysteines, which form two disulfide bonds. The CXCL12 proteins belong to the group of CXC chemokines, whose initial pair of cysteines are separated by one intervening amino acid.
CXCL12 is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes.[3][4][5][6] During embryogenesis it directs the migration of hematopoietic cells from foetal liver to bone marrow and the formation of large blood vessels. Mice which were knocked-out for CXCL12 gene were lethal before the birth or within just 1 hour of life. In adulthood CXCL12 plays an important role in angiogenesis by recruiting endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from the bone morrow through a CXCR4 dependent mechanism.[7] It is this function of CXCL12 that makes it a very important factor in carcinogenesis and the neovascularisation linked to tumor progression. [8] CXCL12 was shown to be expressed in many tissues in mice (including brain, thymus, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow).
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene encodes a stromal cell-derived alpha chemokine member of the intercrine family. This gene product and its receptor CXCR4 can activate lymphocytes and have been implicated in the metastasis of some cancers such as breast cancer. Mutations in this gene are associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Uniprot Description
Function: Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes, monocytes, but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3-67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites. Acts as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the Lyn kinase. Stimulates migration of monocytes through its receptor, CXCR4, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through Lyn kinase. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14
Subcellular location: Secreted.
Tissue specificity: Isoforms Alpha and Beta have a highest expression in liver, pancreas and spleen, while isoform Gamma has only been detected in heart. Ref.5
Post-translational modification: Processed forms SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) are produced after secretion by proteolytic cleavage of isoforms Beta and Alpha, respectively. The N-terminal processing is probably achieved by DPP4. Isoform Alpha is first cleaved at the C-terminus to yield a SDF-1-alpha(1-67) intermediate before being processsed at the N-terminus. The C-terminal processing of isoform Alpha is reduced by binding to heparin and, probably, cell surface proteoglycans. Ref.13
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.
Sequence caution: The sequence CAC10202.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.
Research Articles on CXCL12
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Product Notes
The CXCL12 cxcl12 (Catalog #AAA650549) is an Active Protein produced from E Coli and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The amino acid sequence is listed below: The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Lys-Pro-Va l-Ser-Leu. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "Stromal Cell Derived Factor 1 beta, Active Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
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