GAPDH active protein
Recombinant Mouse Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Active
GAPDH protein solution (0.25mg/ml) containing Phosphate buffered saline (pH7.4), 20% glycerol and 1mM DTT.
Introduction: GAPDH is a catalytic enzyme normally known to play a role in glycolysis. GAPDH exists as a tetramer composed of 36-kDa subunits and has a range of intracellular functions. GAPDH catalyzes the reversible reduction of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphophate in the presence of NADPH. Besides functioning as a glycolytic enzyme in cytoplasm, GAPDH has function in intracellular processes such as membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, phosphotransferase activity, nuclear RNA export, DNA replication and DNA repair. GAPDH catalyzes a vital energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The enzyme exists as a tetramer of identical chains.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The encoded protein was originally identified as a key glycolytic enzyme that converts D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Subsequent studies have assigned a variety of additional functions to the protein including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are found throughout the mouse genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Uniprot Description
GAPDH: a multifunctional enzyme with both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities. A key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. An important enzyme for energy metabolism, and the production of ATP and pyruvate through anaerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. Additionally, it participates in apoptosis, membrane trafficking, iron metabolism, nuclear activities and receptor mediated cell signaling. Its subcellular localization changes reflecting its multiple activities. Is cytosolic, but is also localized in the membrane, the nucleus, polysomes, the ER and the Golgi. Participates in transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. S-nitrosylation on Cys-152 following apoptotic stimulates its interaction with SIAH2, which in turn moderates its translocation into the nucleus. Mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins including SIRT1, HDAC2 and DNA-PK. Deregulated in lung cancer, renal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, glioma, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, prostatic cancer, pancreatic cancer and bladder cancer. Its increased expression and enzymatic activity is associated with cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, Oxidative stress impairs GAPDH catalytic activity and leads to cellular aging and apoptosis. In experimental animal models, injection of GAPDH antagonists induces apoptosis and blocks Hep3B tumor progression, suggesting a therapeutic potential of targeting GAPDH in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; EC 1.2.1.12; Oxidoreductase
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6 F2|6 59.32 cM
Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; extracellular matrix; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; lipid particle; membrane; microtubule cytoskeleton; mitochondrion; myelin sheath; nuclear membrane; nucleus; plasma membrane; ribonucleoprotein complex; vesicle
Molecular Function: enzyme binding; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) activity; microtubule binding
Biological Process: apoptosis; carbohydrate metabolic process; gluconeogenesis; glycolysis; microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; multicellular organismal development; negative regulation of translation; neuron apoptosis; protein stabilization
Research Articles on GAPDH
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Product Notes
The GAPDH gapdh (Catalog #AAA146833) is an Active Protein produced from E Coli and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The amino acid sequence is listed below: MGSSHHH HHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMVK VGVN GFGRIGRLVT RAAICSGKVE IVAINDPFID LNYMVYMFQY DSTHGKFNGT VKAENGKLVI NGKPITIFQE RDPTNIKWGE AGAEYVVEST GVFTTMEKAG AHLKGGAKRV IISAPSADAP MFVMGVNHEK YDNSLKIVSN ASCTTNCLAP LAKVIHDNFG IVEGLMTTVH AITATQKTVD GPSGKLWRDG RGAAQNIIPA STGAAKAVGK VIPELNGKLT GMAFRVPTPN VSVVDLTCRL EKPAKYDDIK KVVKQASEGP LKGILGYTED QVVSCDFNSN SHSSTFDAGA GIALNDNFVK LISWYDNEYG YSNRVVDLMA YMASKE.. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "GAPDH, Active Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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