APOBEC3G active protein
APOBEC3G, Recombinant, Human (CEM15, Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3G)
Purified by preparative SDS-PAGE, reduced, to 95% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE, reduced.
Purified by preparative SDS-PAGE, reduced, to 95% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE, reduced.
APOBEC3G, also known as CEM15 [1], is a host cellular protein which has a broad antiviral activity on a wide variety of retroviruses including HIV-1, other lentiviruses, and murine leukemia virus (MLV) [2-4]. The protein belongs to the Apobec superfamily of cytidine deaminases [5] and inhibits the infectivity of these viruses by being packaged into virions. During reverse transcription, it deaminates deoxycytidine (dC) into deoxyuridine (dU) in newly synthesized minus strand DNA, resulting in either G-to-A hypermutation of the viral plus strand DNA or degradation of dU-rich reverse transcripts [3,6-8], though several resent studies suggest cytidine deaminase adtivity is essential but not a sole determinant for antiviral activity of APOBEC3G. [7]. Most lentiviruses express an accessory protein called virion infectivity factor (Vif) which blocks the antiviral function of APOBEC3G by preventing its packaging into virions. Vif binds to APOBEC3G and induces its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome [9-13]. It has also been reported that APOBEC3G inhibits the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) without inducing G-to-A hypermutation [14]. This suggests that APOBEC3G has a broad antiviral activity not only on retroviruses but also on other viruses through different mechanisms from that on retroviruses.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. The protein encoded by this gene has been found to be a specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infectivity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Uniprot Description
APOBEC3G: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) that mediates a form of innate resistance to retroviral infections (at least to HIV-1 infection) by triggering G-to-A hypermutation in the newly synthesized viral DNA. The replacements C-to-U in the minus strand DNA of HIV-1 during reverse transcription, leads to G-to-A transitions in the plus strand. The inhibition of viral replication is either due to the degradation of the minus strand before its integration or to the lethality of the hypermutations. Modification of both DNA strands is not excluded. This antiviral activity is neutralized by the virion infectivity factor (VIF), that prevents the incorporation of APOBEC3G into progeny HIV-1 virions by both inhibiting its translation and/or by inducing its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. May also prevent the transposition of a subset of retroelements. Binds a variety of RNAs, but does not display detectable APOB, NF1 and NAT1 mRNA editing. Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
Protein type: Hydrolase; EC 3.5.4.-; RNA processing; RNA-binding
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 22q13.1-q13.2
Cellular Component: apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex; cytoplasm; cytosol; ribonucleoprotein complex
Molecular Function: protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; zinc ion binding; deoxycytidine deaminase activity; RNA binding; cytidine deaminase activity
Biological Process: negative regulation of retroviral genome replication; base conversion or substitution editing; viral reproduction; negative regulation of viral genome replication; innate immune response; cytidine deamination; positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; negative regulation of viral reproduction; defense response to virus
Research Articles on APOBEC3G
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Product Notes
The APOBEC3G apobec3g (Catalog #AAA636259) is an Active Protein produced from E Coli and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "APOBEC3G, Active Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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