TGF-beta1 active protein

LTBP1

Cat. Num. AAA692004

• Gene Names: TGFB1; CED; LAP; DPD1; TGFB; TGFbeta
• Reactivity: Human
• Purity: > 98% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses
• Synonyms: TGF-beta1; LTBP1; Recombinant Human TGF-beta1; TGF-beta1 active protein

• Host: CHO Cells
• Reactivity: Human
• Purity/Purification: > 98% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses
• Form/Format: Lyophilized
• Sequence: ALDTNYCFSS TEKNCCVRQL YIDFRKDLGW KWIHEPKGYH ANFCLG PCPY IWSLDTQYSK VLALYNQHNP GASAAPCCVP QALEPLPIVY Y VGRKPKVEQ LSNMIVRSCK CS
• Sequence Length: 390

• Endotoxin Level: < 0.1ng/ug of protein (<1EU/ug).
• Reconstitution: Centrifuge the vial before opening. Reconstitute in water to concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Do not vortex. This solution can be stored at 2-8°C for up to a week. For extended storage, it is recommended to further dilute in a buffer containing a carrier protein (example 0.1% BSA) and store in working aliquots at -20°C to -80°C.
• Biological Activity: The ED50 was determined by TGF-beta1's ability to inhibit the mouse IL-4-dependent proliferation of mouse HT-2 cells is <= 0.05 ng/ml (>= 2 x 107 units/mg).
• Length(aa): 112
• Preparation and Storage: The lyophilized proteinis stable at room temperature for 1 month and at 4°C for 6 months. Reconstituted working aliquots are stable for 1 week at 2-8°C and for 12 months at -20°C to -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Related Product Information for TGF-beta1 active protein

The three mammalian isoforms of TGF-beta, TGF-beta1, beta2, beta3, signal through the same receptor and elicit similar biological responses. They are multifunctional cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and motility as well as synthesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. They are involved in various physiological processes including embryogenesis, tissue remodeling and would healing. They are secreted predominantly as latent complexes which are stored at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. The release of biologically active TGF-beta isoform from a latent complex involves proteolytic processing of the complex and /or induction of conformational changes by proteins such as thrombospondin-1. TGF-beta1 is the most abundant isoform secreted by almost every cell type. It was originally identified for its ability to induce phenotypic transformation of fibroblasts and recently it has been implicated in the formation of skin tumors. Recombinant human TGF-beta1 is a 25.0 kDa protein composed of two identical 112 amino acid polypeptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond.

Product Categories/Family for TGF-beta1 active protein

Cytokines & Growth Factors

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 63025222
• NCBI GeneID: 7040
• NCBI Accession #: NP_000651.3
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_000660.5
• UniProt Accession #: P01137; Q9UCG4; A8K792
• Molecular Weight: 25kda
• NCBI Official Full Name: transforming growth factor beta-1
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: transforming growth factor, beta 1
• NCBI Official Symbol: TGFB1
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: CED; LAP; DPD1; TGFB; TGFbeta
• NCBI Protein Information: transforming growth factor beta-1; TGF-beta-1; latency-associated peptide; prepro-transforming growth factor beta-1
• UniProt Protein Name: Transforming growth factor beta-1
• UniProt Gene Name: TGFB1
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: TGFB; TGF-beta-1; LAP
• UniProt Entry Name: TGFB1_HUMAN

NCBI Description

This gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family of cytokines, which are multifunctional peptides that regulate proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and other functions in many cell types. Many cells have TGFB receptors, and the protein positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. The secreted protein is cleaved into a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature TGFB1 peptide, and is found in either a latent form composed of a TGFB1 homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGFB1-binding protein, or in an active form composed of a TGFB1 homodimer. The mature peptide may also form heterodimers with other TGFB family members. This gene is frequently upregulated in tumor cells, and mutations in this gene result in Camurati-Engelmann disease.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Uniprot Description

Function: Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts.

Subunit structure: Homodimer; disulfide-linked, or heterodimer with TGFB2

By similarity. Secreted and stored as a biologically inactive form in the extracellular matrix in a 290 kDa complex (large latent TGF-beta1 complex) containing the TGFB1 homodimer, the latency-associated peptide (LAP), and the latent TGFB1 binding protein-1 (LTBP1). The complex without LTBP1 is known as the'small latent TGF-beta1 complex'. Dissociation of the TGFB1 from LAP is required for growth factor activation and biological activity. Release of the large latent TGF-beta1 complex from the extracellular matrix is carried out by the matrix metalloproteinase MMP3

By similarity. May interact with THSD4; this interaction may lead to sequestration by FBN1 microfibril assembly and attenuation of TGFB signaling. Interacts with the serine proteases, HTRA1 and HTRA3: the interaction with either inhibits TGFB1-mediated signaling. The HTRA protease activity is required for this inhibition

By similarity. Latency-associated peptide interacts with NREP; the interaction results in a decrease in TGFB1 autoinduction

By similarity. Interacts with CD109, DPT and ASPN. Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.17

Subcellular location: Secreted › extracellular space › extracellular matrix Ref.17.

Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in bone. Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). Colocalizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage. Ref.13 Ref.17

Induction: Activated in vitro at pH below 3.5 and over 12.5.

Domain: The 'straitjacket' and 'arm' domains encircle the growth factor monomers and are fastened together by strong bonding between Lys-56 and Tyr-103/Tyr-104. Activation of TGF-beta1 requires the binding of integrin alpha-V to an RGD sequence in the prodomain and exertion of force on this domain, which is held in the extracellular matrix by latent TGF-beta binding proteins. The sheer physical force unfastens the straitjacket and releases the active growth factor dimer

By similarity.

Post-translational modification: Glycosylated.The precursor is cleaved into mature TGF-beta-1 and LAP, which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGF-beta-1 rendering it inactive.

Polymorphism: In post-menopausal Japanese women, the frequency of Leu-10 is higher in subjects with osteoporosis than in controls.

Involvement in disease: Camurati-Engelmann disease (CE) [MIM:131300]: Autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperostosis and sclerosis of the diaphyses of long bones. The disease typically presents in early childhood with pain, muscular weakness and waddling gait, and in some cases other features such as exophthalmos, facial paralysis, hearing difficulties and loss of vision.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.23 Ref.24 Ref.26 Ref.27 Ref.28

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.