Apoptosis/Necroptosis Antibody Kit | AIFM2 antibody kit

Apoptosis/Necroptosis Antibody Sampler Kit

Cat. Num. AAA2550011

• Gene Names: AIFM2; AMID; PRG3
• Applications: Western Blot
• Synonyms: Apoptosis/Necroptosis; Apoptosis/Necroptosis Antibody Sampler Kit; AIFM2 antibody kit

• Sequence Length: 373

• Applicable Applications for AIFM2 antibody kit: Western Blot (WB)

Western Blot (WB)

(Western Blot analysis of Hela cells using MLKL Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:500.)

Western Blot (WB)

(Western Blot analysis of various cells using Cleaved-Caspase-3 p17 (D175) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000.)

Western Blot (WB)

(Western Blot analysis of KB, MCF7 cells using Caspase-3 Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000.)

Western Blot (WB)

(Western Blot analysis of 293 cells with Cleaved-Caspase-8 (D384) Polyclonal Antibody.)

Western Blot (WB)

(Western Blot analysis of 3T3 cells with Caspase-8 Polyclonal Antibody.)

Related Product Information for AIFM2 antibody kit

Background: Apoptosis is a regulated physiological process leading to cell death. Caspases, a family of cysteine acid proteases, are central regulators of apoptosis. Caspases are synthesized as inactive zymogens containing a pro- domain followed by large (p20) and small subunits (p10) that are proteolytically processed in a cascade of caspase activity. Initiator caspases (including 8, 9, 10, and 12) are closely coupled to proapoptotic signals. Once activated, these caspases cleave and activate downstream effector caspases (including 3, 6, and 7), which in turn cleave cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins like PARP, alpha-fodrin, DFF, and lamin A, and induce apoptosis. Cytochrome c released from mitochondria is coupled to the activation of caspase-9, a key initiator caspase. Apoptosis induced through the extrinsic mechanisms involving death receptors in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily activates caspase-8. Activated caspase-8 cleaves and activates downstream effector caspases, such as caspase-1, -3, -6, and -7. Caspase-3 is a critical executioner of apoptosis, as it is either partially or totally responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many key proteins, such as the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).Necroptosis, a regulated pathway for necrotic cell death, is triggered by a number of inflammatory signals, including cytokines in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, pathogen sensors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), and ischemic injury. Necroptosis is negatively regulated by caspase-8 mediated apoptosis in which the kinase RIP/RIPK1 is cleaved. Furthermore, necroptosis is inhibited by a small molecule inhibitor of RIP, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). Research studies show that necroptosis contributes to a number of pathological conditions, and Nec-1 has been shown to provide neuroprotection in models such as ischemic brain injury. RIP is phosphorylated at several sites within the kinase domain that are sensitive to Nec-1, including Ser14, Ser15, Ser161, and Ser166. Phosphorylation drives association with RIP3, which is required for necroptosis. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is a pseudokinase that was identified as downstream target of RIP3 in the necroptosis pathway. During necroptosis RIP3 is phosphorylated at Ser227, which recruits MLKL and leads to its phosphorylation at Thr357 and Ser358. Knockdown of MLKL through multiple mechanisms results in inhibition of necroptosis. While the precise mechanism for MLKL-induced necroptosis is unclear, some studies have shown that necroptosis leads to oligomerization of MLKL and translocation to the plasma membrane, where it effects membrane integrity.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 311082415
• NCBI GeneID: 84883
• NCBI Accession #: NP_001185625.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_001198696.1
• UniProt Accession #: Q9BRQ8; Q63Z39; B3KXI0
• Molecular Weight: 36,520 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: apoptosis-inducing factor 2
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 2
• NCBI Official Symbol: AIFM2
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: AMID; PRG3
• NCBI Protein Information: apoptosis-inducing factor 2
• UniProt Protein Name: Apoptosis-inducing factor 2
• Protein Family: Apoptosis-inducing factor
• UniProt Gene Name: AIFM2

NCBI Description

This gene encodes a flavoprotein oxidoreductase that binds single stranded DNA and is thought to contribute to apoptosis in the presence of bacterial and viral DNA. The expression of this gene is also found to be induced by tumor suppressor protein p53 in colon cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

Uniprot Description

AIFM2: Oxidoreductase, which may play a role in mediating a p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis response. Probable oxidoreductase that acts as a caspase-independent mitochondrial effector of apoptotic cell death. Binds to DNA in a sequence-independent manner. May contribute to genotoxin-induced growth arrest. Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Apoptosis; EC 1.-.-.-; Membrane protein, integral; Mitochondrial; Oxidoreductase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 10q22.1

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; extracellular space; integral component of membrane; lipid droplet; mitochondrial outer membrane; mitochondrion

Molecular Function: DNA binding; electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase activity; FAD binding

Biological Process: apoptotic mitochondrial changes; positive regulation of apoptosis; regulation of apoptosis