Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit | CYCS elisa kit

Human Cytochrome C ELISA KIT

Cat. Num. AAA9424809

• Gene Names: CYCS; CYC; HCS; THC4
• Reactivity: Human
• Synonyms: Cytochrome C; Human Cytochrome C ELISA KIT; Human Cytochrome C; CYCS elisa kit

• Reactivity: Human
• Specificity: Natural and recombinant Human Cytochrome C Ligand

• Assay Type: Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
• Samples: Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin)
• Detection Range: 39-2500pg/mL
• Sensitivity: 10pg/mL
• Assay Time: 3 hours
• Sample Volume: 20 uL
• Detection Method: Colorimetric
• Preparation and Storage: Store at 4 degree C

Typical Testing Data/Standard Curve (for reference only)

(Representative standard curve for cytochrome c ELISA. CYTOCHROME C was diluted in serial two-fold steps in Sample Diluent.)

Related Product Information for CYCS elisa kit

Human somatic cytochrome c is a 15 kDa, 104 amino acid (aa) polypeptide that participates in both oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis (1). It exhibits 91% aa identity with mouse/rat cytochrome c (1-3). The molecule is initially synthesized in the cytoplasm as an extended, 12 kDa apoprotein. This molecule is subsequently transported across the outer mitochondrial membrane into the intermitochondrial space via a receptor-independent process. Here, it associates with an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme called CCHL (cytochrome c heme lyase) which covalently attaches one heme molecule to the N-terminus, forming functional cytochrome c (4-6). This covalent attachment causes cytochrome c to undergo a conformational change to a globular molecule effectively trapping cytochrome c in the intermitochrondrial space.Within the intermitochondrial space, cytochrome c is actively involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. It transports electrons from the cytochrome c reductase complex to the cytochrome c oxidase complex (7-9). This transports excess electrons along the respiratory pathway and generates ATP for energy-dependent processes. Alternatively, and in response to apoptotic signals, cytochrome c can be released from mitochondria into the cytosol. Here, it activates an apoptotic program via one of many possible caspase-driven cascades (8, 10-12). The events which trigger an apoptotic signal (such as growth factor withdrawal) are not well understood. The result of such a signal, however, has been suggested to be a translocation of cytosolic Bax and/or Bad to the outer mitochondrial membrane where they overcome a Bcl-2-mediated stabilization (13-15). Bax-mediated destabilization may take the form of channel creation or mitochondrial swelling, resulting in cytochrome c release (15-18). Whatever the mechanism, released cytochrome c participates in the formation of a cytosolic complex which is composed of 15 kDa cytochrome c, 130 kDa Apaf-1 (apoptotic protease activating factor-1), dATP, and 46 kDa Apaf-3/caspase-9 (15, 18, 19). Within this complex, Apaf-3/caspase-9 is activated, leading to the downstream activation of caspases-3, -7 and -9, followed by additional caspases that ultimately lead to cellular apoptosis (10, 18, 20, 21).

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 11128019
• NCBI GeneID: 54205
• NCBI Accession #: NP_061820.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_018947.5
• UniProt Accession #: P99999; P00001; Q6NUR2; Q6NX69; Q96BV4; A4D166; B2R4I1
• Molecular Weight: 11,749 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: cytochrome c
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: cytochrome c, somatic
• NCBI Official Symbol: CYCS
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: CYC; HCS; THC4
• NCBI Protein Information: cytochrome c
• UniProt Protein Name: Cytochrome c
• Protein Family: Cytochrome
• UniProt Gene Name: CYCS
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: CYC

NCBI Description

This gene encodes a small heme protein that functions as a central component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. The encoded protein associates with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it accepts electrons from cytochrome b and transfers them to the cytochrome oxidase complex. This protein is also involved in initiation of apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia. Numerous processed pseudogenes of this gene are found throughout the human genome.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Uniprot Description

CYCS: Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Protein type: Apoptosis; Mitochondrial; Oxidoreductase; Protein phosphatase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor)

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7p15.3

Cellular Component: cytosol; mitochondrial inner membrane; mitochondrial intermembrane space; mitochondrion; nucleus; protein phosphatase type 2A complex

Molecular Function: electron transporter, transferring electrons from CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex activity; heme binding; protein binding; protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Biological Process: caspase activation via cytochrome c; cellular respiration; mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen; mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c; mitochondrion organization and biogenesis

Disease: Thrombocytopenia 4