ARRB2 blocking peptide

ARRB2 Blocking Peptide (C-Term)

• Gene Names: ARRB2; ARB2; ARR2; BARR2
• Synonyms: ARRB2; ARRB2 Blocking Peptide (C-Term); Beta-arrestin-2; Arrestin beta-2; ARB2; ARR2; ARRB2 blocking peptide

• Specificity: The synthetic peptide sequence is selected from aa 284-298 of HUMAN ARRB2
• Form/Format: Synthetic peptide was lyophilized with 100% acetonitrile and is supplied as a powder. Reconstitute with 0.1 ml DI water for a final concentration of 1 mg/ml.
• Sequence Length: 409

• Cellular Location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane. Membrane, clathrin-coated pit. Cytoplasmic vesicle Note: Translocates to the plasma membrane and colocalizes with antagonist-stimulated GPCRs
• Preparation and Storage: Maintain refrigerated at 2-8 degree C for up to 6 months. For long term storage store at -20 degree C.

Related Product Information for ARRB2 blocking peptide

Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta-arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G- protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin-associated sorting proteins) and recruiting the GPRCs to the adapter protein 2 complex 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). However, the extent of beta-arrestin involvement appears to vary significantly depending on the receptor, agonist and cell type. Internalized arrestin-receptor complexes traffic to intracellular endosomes, where they remain uncoupled from G-proteins. Two different modes of arrestin-mediated internalization occur. Class A receptors, like ADRB2, OPRM1, ENDRA, D1AR and ADRA1B dissociate from beta- arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergo rapid recycling. Class B receptors, like AVPR2, AGTR1, NTSR1, TRHR and TACR1 internalize as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomal vesicles, presumably as desensitized receptors, for extended periods of time. Receptor resensitization then requires that receptor-bound arrestin is removed so that the receptor can be dephosphorylated and returned to the plasma membrane. Mediates endocytosis of CCR7 following ligation of CCL19 but not CCL21. Involved in internalization of P2RY1, P2RY4, P2RY6 and P2RY11 and ATP-stimulated internalization of P2RY2. Involved in phosphorylation-dependent internalization of OPRD1 and subsequent recycling or degradation. Involved in ubiquitination of IGF1R. Beta-arrestins function as multivalent adapter proteins that can switch the GPCR from a G-protein signaling mode that transmits short-lived signals from the plasma membrane via small molecule second messengers and ion channels to a beta-arrestin signaling mode that transmits a distinct set of signals that are initiated as the receptor internalizes and transits the intracellular compartment. Acts as signaling scaffold for MAPK pathways such as MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) and MAPK10 (JNK3). ERK1/2 and JNK3 activated by the beta-arrestin scaffold are largely excluded from the nucleus and confined to cytoplasmic locations such as endocytic vesicles, also called beta-arrestin signalosomes. Acts as signaling scaffold for the AKT1 pathway. GPCRs for which the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependent regulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1 and PTH1R. For some GPCRs the beta-arrestin- mediated signaling relies on either ARRB1 or ARRB2 and is inhibited by the other respective beta-arrestin form (reciprocal regulation). Increases ERK1/2 signaling in AGTR1- and AVPR2- mediated activation (reciprocal regulation). Involved in CCR7- mediated ERK1/2 signaling involving ligand CCL19. Is involved in type-1A angiotensin II receptor/AGTR1-mediated ERK activity. Is involved in type-1A angiotensin II receptor/AGTR1-mediated MAPK10 activity. Is involved in dopamine-stimulated AKT1 activity in the striatum by disrupting the association of AKT1 with its negative regulator PP2A. Involved in AGTR1-mediated chemotaxis. Appears to function as signaling scaffold involved in regulation of MIP-1- beta-stimulated CCR5-dependent chemotaxis. Involved in attenuation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription in response to GPCR or cytokine stimulation by interacting with and stabilizing CHUK. Suppresses UV-induced NF-kappa-B-dependent activation by interacting with CHUK. The function is promoted by stimulation of ADRB2 and dephosphorylation of ARRB2. Involved in p53/TP53- mediated apoptosis by regulating MDM2 and reducing the MDM2- mediated degradation of p53/TP53. May serve as nuclear messenger for GPCRs. Upon stimulation of OR1D2, may be involved in regulation of gene expression during the early processes of fertilization. Also involved in regulation of receptors other than GPCRs. Involved in endocytosis of TGFBR2 and TGFBR3 and down- regulates TGF-beta signaling such as NF-kappa-B activation. Involved in endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein receptor/LDLR. Involved in endocytosis of smoothened homolog/Smo, which also requires ADRBK1. Involved in endocytosis of SLC9A5. Involved in endocytosis of ENG and subsequent TGF-beta-mediated ERK activation and migration of epithelial cells. Involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6 which prevents TRAF6 autoubiquitination and oligomerization required for activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. Involved in insulin resistance by acting as insulin-induced signaling scaffold for SRC, AKT1 and INSR. Involved in regulation of inhibitory signaling of natural killer cells by recruiting PTPN6 and PTPN11 to KIR2DL1. Involved in IL8-mediated granule release in neutrophils. Involved in the internalization of the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 20141230
• NCBI GeneID: 409
• UniProt Accession #: P32121; Q0Z8D3; Q2PP19; Q6ICT3; Q8N7Y2; Q9UEQ6; B4DLW0; B5B0C0; B7WPL3; D3DTK2; H0Y688
• Molecular Weight: 44,392 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: Beta-arrestin-2
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: arrestin beta 2
• NCBI Official Symbol: ARRB2
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: ARB2; ARR2; BARR2
• NCBI Protein Information: beta-arrestin-2
• UniProt Protein Name: Beta-arrestin-2
• Protein Family: Beta-arrestin
• UniProt Gene Name: ARRB2
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: ARB2; ARR2
• UniProt Entry Name: ARRB2_HUMAN

NCBI Description

Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

Uniprot Description

ARRB2: a member of the arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family. These proteins participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors. Acts as a cofactor in the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (BARK) mediated desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors. Expressed at high levels in the CNS and peripheral blood leukocytes.

Protein type: Adaptor/scaffold

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 17p13

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytoplasmic vesicle; cytosol; endocytic vesicle; nucleus; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: angiotensin receptor binding; enzyme binding; G-protein-coupled receptor binding; protein binding; protein complex scaffold; receptor binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding

Biological Process: arrestin mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; G-protein coupled receptor internalization; inhibition of NF-kappaB transcription factor; negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; negative regulation of protein ubiquitination; platelet activation; positive regulation of protein ubiquitination; positive regulation of receptor internalization; proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; protein ubiquitination; receptor internalization; transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway