Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Peptide, Inhibitor | PRKCD, inhibitor

Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Peptide (RFARKGALRQKNV) (PKCI)

Cat. Num. AAA655412

• Gene Names: PRKCD; MAY1; PKCD; nPKC-delta
• Purity: Highly Purified; 97% (HPLC)
• Synonyms: Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Peptide; Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Peptide (RFARKGALRQKNV) (PKCI); PRKCD; inhibitor

• Host: Synthetic
• Purity/Purification: Highly Purified; 97% (HPLC)
• Form/Format: Lyophilized powder. Rehydrate in water or assay dilution buffer (20mM MOPS, pH 7.2, 25mM beta-glycerol phosphate, 5mM EGTA, 1mM sodium orthovanadate,1mM dithiothreitol).

• Preparation and Storage: Stable for 1 year at 4 degree C from date of shipment.

Related Product Information for PRKCD, inhibitor

Synthetic peptide corresponding to the pseudosubstrate region of protein kinase C, amino acids 19-31 (RFARKGALRQKNV). Acts as a specific PKC inhibitor for in vitro assays.

Product Categories/Family for PRKCD, inhibitor

Molecular Biology; MB-Protein Kinase Inhibitors

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 205371776
• NCBI GeneID: 5580
• UniProt Accession #: Q05655; Q15144; Q86XJ6; B0KZ81; B2R834
• Molecular Weight: 1544D
• NCBI Official Full Name: Protein kinase C delta type
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: protein kinase C, delta
• NCBI Official Symbol: PRKCD
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: MAY1; PKCD; nPKC-delta
• NCBI Protein Information: protein kinase C delta type; protein kinase C delta VIII; tyrosine-protein kinase PRKCD
• UniProt Protein Name: Protein kinase C delta type
• Protein Family: Protein kinase
• UniProt Gene Name: PRKCD
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: SDK1
• UniProt Entry Name: KPCD_HUMAN

NCBI Description

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play distinct roles in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. Studies both in human and mice demonstrate that this kinase is involved in B cell signaling and in the regulation of growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of a variety of cell types. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Uniprot Description

Function: Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays contrasting roles in cell death and cell survival by functioning as a pro-apoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, but acting as an anti-apoptotic protein during cytokine receptor-initiated cell death, is involved in tumor suppression as well as survival of several cancers, is required for oxygen radical production by NADPH oxidase and acts as positive or negative regulator in platelet functional responses. Upon DNA damage, activates the promoter of the death-promoting transcription factor BCLAF1/Btf to trigger BCLAF1-mediated p53/TP53 gene transcription and apoptosis. In response to oxidative stress, interact with and activate CHUK/IKKA in the nucleus, causing the phosphorylation of p53/TP53. In the case of ER stress or DNA damage-induced apoptosis, can form a complex with the tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 which trigger apoptosis independently of p53/TP53. In cytosol can trigger apoptosis by activating MAPK11 or MAPK14, inhibiting AKT1 and decreasing the level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), whereas in nucleus induces apoptosis via the activation of MAPK8 or MAPK9. Upon ionizing radiation treatment, is required for the activation of the apoptosis regulators BAX and BAK, which trigger the mitochondrial cell death pathway. Can phosphorylate MCL1 and target it for degradation which is sufficient to trigger for BAX activation and apoptosis. Is required for the control of cell cycle progression both at G1/S and G2/M phases. Mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by up-regulating the CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 and inhibiting the cyclin CCNA2 promoter activity. In response to UV irradiation can phosphorylate CDK1, which is important for the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation. Can protect glioma cells from the apoptosis induced by TNFSF10/TRAIL, probably by inducing increased phosphorylation and subsequent activation of AKT1. Is highly expressed in a number of cancer cells and promotes cell survival and resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs by inducing cyclin D1 (CCND1) and hyperphosphorylation of RB1, and via several pro-survival pathways, including NF-kappa-B, AKT1 and MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2). Can also act as tumor suppressor upon mitogenic stimulation with PMA or TPA. In N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-treated cells, is required for NCF1 (p47-phox) phosphorylation and activation of NADPH oxidase activity, and regulates TNF-elicited superoxide anion production in neutrophils, by direct phosphorylation and activation of NCF1 or indirectly through MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. May also play a role in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activity in eosinophil after stimulation with IL5, leukotriene B4 or PMA. In collagen-induced platelet aggregation, acts a negative regulator of filopodia formation and actin polymerization by interacting with and negatively regulating VASP phosphorylation. Downstream of PAR1, PAR4 and CD36/GP4 receptors, regulates differentially platelet dense granule secretion; acts as a positive regulator in PAR-mediated granule secretion, whereas it negatively regulates CD36/GP4-mediated granule release. Phosphorylates MUC1 in the C-terminal and regulates the interaction between MUC1 and beta-catenin. The catalytic subunit phosphorylates 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAB, YWHAZ and YWHAH) in a sphingosine-dependent fashion

By similarity. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.23 Ref.26

Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate.

Enzyme regulation: Novel PKCs (PRKCD, PRKCE, PRKCH and PRKCQ) are calcium-insensitive, but activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylserine. Three specific sites; Thr-507 (activation loop of the kinase domain), Ser-645 (turn motif) and Ser-664 (hydrophobic region), need to be phosphorylated for its full activation. Activated by caspase-3 (CASP3) cleavage during apoptosis. After cleavage, the pseudosubstrate motif in the regulatory subunit is released from the substrate recognition site of the catalytic subunit, which enables PRKCD to become constitutively activated. The catalytic subunit which displays properties of a sphingosine-dependent protein kinase is activated by D-erythro-sphingosine (Sph) or N,N-dimethyl-D-erythrosphingosine (DMS) or N,N,N-trimethyl-D-erythrosphingosine (TMS), but not by ceramide or Sph-1-P and is strongly inhibited by phosphatidylserine

By similarity.

Subunit structure: Interacts with PDPK1 (via N-terminus region), RAD9A, CDCP1, MUC1 and VASP. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.35

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm › perinuclear region. Nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrion. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Ref.14 Ref.17 Ref.18.

Domain: The C1 domain, containing the phorbol ester/DAG-type region 1 (C1A) and 2 (C1B), is the diacylglycerol sensor.The C2 domain is a non-calcium binding domain. It binds proteins containing phosphotyrosine in a sequence-specific manner.

Post-translational modification: Autophosphorylated and/or phosphorylated at Thr-507, within the activation loop; phosphorylation at Thr-507 is not a prerequisite for enzymatic activity. Autophosphorylated at Ser-299, Ser-302 and Ser-304. Upon TNFSF10/TRAIL treatment, phosphorylated at Tyr-155; phosphorylation is required for its translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum and cleavage by caspase-3. Phosphorylated at Tyr-313, Tyr-334 and Tyr-567; phosphorylation of Tyr-313 and Tyr-567 following thrombin stimulation potentiates its kinase activity. Phosphorylated by protein kinase PDPK1; phosphorylation is inhibited by the apoptotic C-terminus cleavage product of PKN2. Ref.11 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.26Proteolytically cleaved into a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit by caspase-3 during apoptosis which results in kinase activation

By similarity.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily.Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domain.Contains 1 C2 domain.Contains 2 phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc fingers.Contains 1 protein kinase domain.