Mouse ENO1 Monoclonal Antibody | anti-ENO1 antibody

ENO1 Antibody

Cat. Num. AAA415380

• Gene Names: ENO1; NNE; PPH; MPB1; ENO1L1
• Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Other
• Applications: Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry
• Purity: Affinity purified
• Synonyms: ENO1; Monoclonal Antibody; ENO1 Antibody; anti-ENO1 antibody

• Host: Mouse
• Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Other
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Isotype: IgG1
• Purity/Purification: Affinity purified
• Form/Format: Liquid; PBS, pH 7.4 with 0.02% sodium azide.
• Sequence Length: 184

• Applicable Applications for anti-ENO1 antibody: Immunofluorescence (IF), Western Blot (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC)
• Immunogen: Enolases are enzymes which catalyze the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway, and also the reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis. The Enzyme Commission classification number for this class of enzyme is EC4.2.1.11, and they can also be refered to as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolases. There are three enolase proteins each coded for by a distinct gene. They are known as enolase 1, 2 and 3 or alternately as α, beta and gamma-enolase. Confusingly, although enolase 1 is alphaenolase, enolase 2 corresponds to gamma-enolase while enolase 3 is also known as beta-enolase. All three enzymes exist as dimers in vivo and the three molecules are very similar in primary amino acids sequence, as can be seen from a sequence alignment downloadable from here. This similarity allows not only homodimers but also most possible heterodimers to form. The expression pattern of the three enzymes differs in a tissue specific manner, so that antibodies to them are useful cell type specific markers, especially as all three molecules are very abundant. Enolase 1 or α is also known as non-neuronal enolase (NNE) and is expressed in most kinds of tissue, but is absent from neurons. Abnormal expression of NNE is associated with tumor progression in some breast and head and neck cancer (1, 2). Enolase 2 or gamma is also known as neuron specific enolase (NSE), and we also market antibodies directed against this protein, specifically RPCA-NSE. A switch from NNE to NSE occurs in the development of neurons (3). Enolase 3 or beta is expressed primarily in muscle cells. Monoclonal antibody MCA-253 was raised against the N-terminal 12 amino acids of bovine enolase 1 which was synthesized on a 8-amine lysine core using the multiple antigen presentation method (5). This produces a dendrimer presenting 8 peptides to the immune system. The characterization of the antibody has been published in peer reviewed form and in this publication is there referred to as Enol2-53 (4). The antibody was tested for binding to expressed bovine enolase 1, 2 and 3 and shown to be specific for only enolase 1. The HGNC name for this protein is ENO1.
• Preparation and Storage: Store at -20°C.

Western Blot (WB) #2

Testing Data

References

1. Wu W, Tang X, Hu W, Lotan R, Hong WK, Mao L. Identification and validation of metastasis-associated proteins in head and neck cancer cell lines by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Clin Exp Metastasis.9(4):319-26 (2002). Clin Exp Metastasis. 19:319-26 (2002).2. Tu SH, Chang CC, Chen CS, Tam KW, Wang, YJ, Lee CH, Lin HW, Cheng TC, Huang CS, Chu JS, Shih NY, Chen LC, Leu SJ, Ho YS, Wu CH. Increased expression of enolase alpha in human breast cancer confers tamifer resistant in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 121:539-53 (2010).3. Marangos PJ, Schmechel DE, Parma AM, Goodwin FK. Developmental profile of neuron-specific (NSE) and non-neuronal (NNE) enolase. Brain Res. 190:185-93 (1980).4. Smith WC, Bolch S, Dugger DR, Li,J, Esquenazi I, Arendt A, Benzenhafer D, McDowell JH. Interaction of arrestin with enolase 1 in photoreceptor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52:1832-40 (2011).5. Tam JP, Zavala F.J. Multiple antigen peptide. A novel approach to increase detection sensitivity of synthetic peptides in solid-phase immunoassays. J. Immunol Methods. 124:53-61 (1989).

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 39644850
• NCBI GeneID: 2023
• UniProt Accession #: P06733; P22712; Q16704; Q4TUS4; Q53FT9; Q53HR3; Q658M5; Q6GMP2; Q71V37; Q7Z3V6; Q8WU71; B2RD59
• NCBI Official Full Name: ENO1 protein, partial
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: enolase 1, (alpha)
• NCBI Official Symbol: ENO1
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: NNE; PPH; MPB1; ENO1L1
• NCBI Protein Information: alpha-enolase; c-myc promoter-binding protein-1; enolase-alpha; tau-crystallin; non-neural enolase; alpha enolase like 1; phosphopyruvate hydratase; plasminogen-binding protein; MYC promoter-binding protein 1; 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase
• UniProt Protein Name: Alpha-enolase
• Protein Family: Enolase
• UniProt Gene Name: ENO1
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: ENO1L1; MBPB1; MPB1; NNE
• UniProt Entry Name: ENOA_HUMAN

NCBI Description

This gene encodes alpha-enolase, one of three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. Each isoenzyme is a homodimer composed of 2 alpha, 2 gamma, or 2 beta subunits, and functions as a glycolytic enzyme. Alpha-enolase in addition, functions as a structural lens protein (tau-crystallin) in the monomeric form. Alternative splicing of this gene results in a shorter isoform that has been shown to bind to the c-myc promoter and function as a tumor suppressor. Several pseudogenes have been identified, including one on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alpha-enolase has also been identified as an autoantigen in Hashimoto encephalopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

Uniprot Description

Function: Multifunctional enzyme that, as well as its role in glycolysis, plays a part in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system due to its ability to serve as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of several cell-types such as leukocytes and neurons. Stimulates immunoglobulin production. Ref.3 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.22MBP1 binds to the myc promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor. May be a tumor suppressor. Ref.3 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.22

Catalytic activity: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O. Ref.18

Cofactor: Magnesium. Required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer.

Pathway: Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.

Subunit structure: Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific. ENO1 interacts with PLG in the neuronal plasma membrane and promotes its activation. The C-terminal lysine is required for this binding

By similarity. Ref.23 Ref.27

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Cytoplasm › myofibril › sarcomere › M line. Note: Can translocate to the plasma membrane in either the homodimeric (alpha/alpha) or heterodimeric (alpha/gamma) form. ENO1 is localized to the M line. Ref.21Isoform MBP-1: Nucleus Ref.21.

Tissue specificity: The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.

Developmental stage: During ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells, and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells.

Induction: Induced in diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) after treatment with the natural biological agent, Bryo1. Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level). Ref.19 Ref.31

Post-translational modification: ISGylated. Ref.29 Ref.32

Miscellaneous: Used as a diagnostic marker for many tumors and, in the heterodimeric form, alpha/gamma, as a marker for hypoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest. Also marker for endometriosis. Antibodies against alpha-enolase are present in sera from patients with cancer-associated retinopathy syndrome (CAR), a progressive blinding disease which occurs in the presence of systemic tumor growth, primarily small-cell carcinoma of the lung and other malignancies. Is identified as an autoantigen in Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) a rare autoimmune disease associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). HT is a disorder in which destructive processes overcome the potential capacity of thyroid replacement leading to hypothyroidism.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the enolase family.

Biophysicochemical propertiespH dependence:Enolase activity is lost above pH 9.0. Immunoglobulin production stimulating activity is retained at pH 13.0. Ref.18

Sequence caution: The sequence AAA35698.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at several positions. The sequence AAA35698.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Sequencing errors.