Mouse Clostridium botulinum Toxin D Monoclonal Antibody | anti-botD antibody

Clostridium botulinum Toxin D Monoclonal Antibody

Cat. Num. AAA191326

• Applications: Immunoblot, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, ELISA
• Synonyms: Clostridium botulinum Toxin D; Monoclonal Antibody; Clostridium botulinum Toxin D Monoclonal Antibody; anti-botD antibody

• Host: Mouse
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Specificity: This antibody recognizes C. botulinum Toxin D.
• Form/Format: Purified antibody in PBS, pH 7.2, 0.1% sodium azide.
• Sequence Length: 1276

• Applicable Applications for anti-botD antibody: Immunoblot, Immunofluorescence (IF), ELISA (EIA)
• Application Notes: Immunoblot: 1:100-1:1,000. A band of ~150,000 is detected.; IF: 1:10-1:50; ELISA: 1:20-1:200; Dilute in PBS or medium that is identical to that used in the assay system.
• Immunogen: Toxin D purified from culture filtrate of C. botulinum.
• Preparation and Storage: This antibody is stable at 4 degree C for short-term storage and for at least one (1) year at-20 degree C to-70 degree C.; Store product in appropriate aliquots to avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Related Product Information for anti-botD antibody

Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod commonly found on plants, in soil, water, and the intestinal tracts of animals, produces eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). Type A is the most potent toxin, followed by types B and F. All botulinum neurotoxins are produced as single polypeptide chains of ~150kDa comprised of a heavy (H) chain and a light (L) chain of roughly 100 and 50kDa, respectively, linked by a disulfide bond. The heavy (H) chain of the toxin binds selectively and irreversibly to high affinity receptors at the presynaptic surface of cholinergic neurones, and the toxin-receptor complex is taken up into the cell by endocytosis where the disulfide bond between the two chains is cleaved. The light (L) chain interacts with different proteins in the nerve terminals to prevent fusion of acetylcholine vesicles with the cell membrane.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 115188
• UniProt Accession #: P19321
• Molecular Weight: 146,872 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: Botulinum neurotoxin type D
• UniProt Protein Name: Botulinum neurotoxin type D
• Protein Family: Botulinum neurotoxin
• UniProt Gene Name: botD
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: BoNT/D; LC; HC

Uniprot Description

Botulinum neurotoxin type D: Botulinum toxin causes flaccid paralysis by inhibiting neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) release from the presynaptic membranes of nerve terminals of the eukaryotic host skeletal and autonomic nervous system, with frequent heart or respiratory failure (PubMed:8175689, PubMed:16252491). Precursor of botulinum neurotoxin D for which a proteinaceous coreceptor is controversial. In double SV2A/SV2B knockout mice this toxin does not degrade its synaptobrevin target; introducing SV2A, SV2B or SV2C restores target cleavage (PubMed:21483489). Recognition of SV2 by this toxin does not occur via SV2 glycosylation or its large extracellular loop 4 (PubMed:21483489). Another group does not find a convincing interaction with SV2 (PubMed:21632541). Thus a protein receptor for this BoNT serotype has yet to be definitively proven. Recognizes at least 1 complex polysialylated ganglioside found on neural tissue. Electrical stimulation increases uptake of toxin in an ex vivo assay, presumably by transiently exposing a receptor usually found in eukaryotic target synaptic vesicles (PubMed:19650874, PubMed:21483489, PubMed:21632541). Upon synaptic vesicle recycling the toxin is taken up via the endocytic pathway; when the pH of the toxin-containing endosome drops a structural rearrangement occurs so that the N-terminus of the heavy chain (HC) forms pores that allows the light chain (LC) to translocate into the cytosol (). Once in the cytosol the disulfide bond linking the 2 subunits is reduced and LC cleaves its target protein on synaptic vesicles, preventing their fusion with the cytoplasmic membrane and thus neurotransmitter release (). Requires complex eukaryotic host polysialogangliosides for full neurotoxicity and for binding to neurons (PubMed:20704566, PubMed:21483489).