Rabbit anti-Human PKR Polyclonal Antibody | anti-PKR antibody

Phospho-PKR (Thr451) Antibody

Cat. Num. AAA9612869

• Gene Names: EIF2AK2; PKR; PRKR; EIF2AK1
• Reactivity: Human
• Applications: ELISA
• Purity: The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
• Synonyms: PKR; Polyclonal Antibody; Phospho-PKR (Thr451) Antibody; Double stranded RNA activated protein kinase;; E2AK2_HUMAN; eIF-2A protein kinase 2; EIF2AK1; EIF2AK2; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2; HGNC:9437; Interferon induced double stranded RNA activated protein kinase; Interferon inducible elF2 alpha kinase; Interferon inducible RNA dependent protein kinase; Interferon-induced; double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase; Interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase; MGC126524; P1/eIF-2A protein kinase; P1/eIF2A protein kinase; p68 kinase; PPP1R83; PRKR; Protein kinase interferon inducible double stranded RNA dependent; Protein kinase RNA activated; Protein kinase RNA-activated; Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 83; Serine/threonine protein kinase TIK; Tyrosine protein kinase EIF2AK2; anti-PKR antibody

• Host: Rabbit
• Reactivity: Human
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Isotype: Rabbit IgG
• Specificity: Phospho-PKR (Thr451) Antibody detects endogenous levels of PKR only when phosphorylated at Thr451.; Tissue Specificity: Highly expressed in thymus, spleen and bone marrow compared to non-hematopoietic tissues such as small intestine, liver, or kidney tissues. Colocalizes with GSK3B and TAU in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. Elevated levels seen in breast and colon carcinomas, and which correlates with tumor progression and invasiveness or risk of progression.
• Purity/Purification: The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
• Form/Format: Liquid. Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline, pH7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
• Concentration: 1mg/ml (varies by lot)

• Applicable Applications for anti-PKR antibody: Peptide ELISA (EIA)
• Application Notes: Peptide ELISA: 1:20,000-1:40,000
• Immunogen: A synthesized peptide derived from human PKR around the phosphorylation site of Thr451.
• Conjugation: Unconjugated
• Fragment: Fab fragment
• Post Translational Modifications: Autophosphorylated on several Ser, Thr and Tyr residues. Autophosphorylation of Thr-451 is dependent on Thr-446 and is stimulated by dsRNA binding and dimerization. Autophosphorylation apparently leads to the activation of the kinase. Tyrosine autophosphorylation is essential for efficient dsRNA-binding, dimerization, and kinase activation.
• Subunit Structure: Homodimer. Interacts with STRBP (By similarity). Interacts with DNAJC3. Forms a complex with FANCA, FANCC, FANCG and HSP70. Interacts with ADAR/ADAR1. Interacts with IRS1 (By similarity). The inactive form interacts with NCK1 and GSN. Interacts (via the kinase catalytic domain) with STAT3 (via SH2 domain), TRAF2 (C-terminus), TRAF5 (C-terminus) and TRAF6 (C-terminus). Interacts with MAP2K6, IKBKB/IKKB, NPM1, TARBP2, NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2. Interacts (via DRBM 1 domain) with DUS2L (via DRBM domain). Interacts with DHX9 (via N-terminus) and this interaction is dependent upon activation of the kinase. (Microbial infection) Interacts with human herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) protein US11 in an RNA-dependent manner. (Microbial infection) The inactive form interacts with Toscana virus (TOS) NSS. (Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes virus 8 protein v-IRF2; this interaction inhibits EIF2AK2 activation. (Microbial infection) Interacts with vaccinia protein E3.
• Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GCN2 subfamily.
• Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm>Perinuclear region.; Note: Nuclear localization is elevated in acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), melanoma, breast, colon, prostate and lung cancer patient samples or cell lines as well as neurocytes from advanced Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients.
• Preparation and Storage: Store at -20 degree C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Related Product Information for anti-PKR antibody

IFN-induced dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection and is also involved in the regulation of signal transduction, apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation. Exerts its antiviral activity on a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), measles virus (MV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1). Inhibits viral replication via phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2S1), this phosphorylation impairs the recycling of EIF2S1 between successive rounds of initiation leading to inhibition of translation which eventually results in shutdown of cellular and viral protein synthesis. Also phosphorylates other substrates including p53/TP53, PPP2R5A, DHX9, ILF3, IRS1 and the HHV-1 viral protein US11. In addition to serine/threonine-protein kinase activity, also has tyrosine-protein kinase activity and phosphorylates CDK1 at 'Tyr-4' upon DNA damage, facilitating its ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Either as an adapter protein and/or via its kinase activity, can regulate various signaling pathways (p38 MAP kinase, NF-kappa-B and insulin signaling pathways) and transcription factors (JUN, STAT1, STAT3, IRF1, ATF3) involved in the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and IFNs. Activates the NF-kappa-B pathway via interaction with IKBKB and TRAF family of proteins and activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway via interaction with MAP2K6. Can act as both a positive and negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway (ISP). Negatively regulates ISP by inducing the inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at 'Ser-312' and positively regulates ISP via phosphorylation of PPP2R5A which activates FOXO1, which in turn up-regulates the expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2). Can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the activation of NLRP3, NLRP1, AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Can trigger apoptosis via FADD-mediated activation of CASP8. Plays a role in the regulation of the cytoskeleton by binding to gelsolin (GSN), sequestering the protein in an inactive conformation away from actin.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 208431827
• NCBI GeneID: 5610
• NCBI Accession #: NP_001129123.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_001135651.2
• UniProt Accession #: P19525; Q52M43; Q7Z6F6; Q9UIR4; A8K3P0; D6W584; E9PC80
• Molecular Weight: 62,094 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform a
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2
• NCBI Official Symbol: EIF2AK2
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: PKR; PRKR; EIF2AK1
• NCBI Protein Information: interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase; p68 kinase; eIF-2A protein kinase 2; P1/eIF-2A protein kinase; tyrosine-protein kinase EIF2AK2; interferon-inducible elF2alpha kinase; double stranded RNA activated protein kinase; protein
• UniProt Protein Name: Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
• UniProt Gene Name: EIF2AK2
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: PKR; PRKR; eIF-2A protein kinase 2; PKR
• UniProt Entry Name: E2AK2_HUMAN

NCBI Description

The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by autophosphorylation after binding to dsRNA. The activated form of the encoded protein can phosphorylate translation initiation factor EIF2S1, which in turn inhibits protein synthesis. This protein is also activated by manganese ions and heparin. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

Uniprot Description

PKR: a protein kinase of the PEK family. Upon binding double-stranded RNA, it becomes autophosphorylated and activated. Phosphorylates and inhibits the alpha subunit of eIF2 alpha, which leads to an inhibition of the initiation of protein synthesis. Controls the activation of several transcription factors such as NF-kappaB, p53 and Stats. Mediates apoptosis induced by many different stimuli, such as LPS, TNF-alpha, viral infection and serum starvation.

Protein type: Kinase, protein; Translation; EC 2.7.11.1; Protein kinase, Other; EC 2.7.10.2; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Other group; PEK family

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2p22-p21

Cellular Component: membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; cytoplasm; ribosome; nucleus; cytosol

Molecular Function: protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein binding; double-stranded RNA binding; non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity; protein phosphatase type 2A regulator activity; ATP binding; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity; protein kinase activity

Biological Process: positive regulation of cytokine production; peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; translation; transcription, DNA-dependent; activation of MAPKK activity; unfolded protein response; response to virus; protein amino acid autophosphorylation; viral infectious cycle; protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; positive regulation of chemokine production; evasion by virus of host immune response; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; negative regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of viral genome replication; modification by virus of host cellular process; virus-host interaction; negative regulation of translation; innate immune response; negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation; defense response to virus; negative regulation of apoptosis