Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS) Recombinant Protein | CGAS recombinant protein

Recombinant Human Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS), partial

Cat. Num. AAA7137036

• Gene Names: MB21D1; cGAS; h-cGAS; C6orf150
• Purity: Greater or equal to 85% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE.
• Synonyms: Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS); Recombinant Human Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS); partial; 2'3'-cGAMP synthaseMab-21 domain-containing protein 1; CGAS recombinant protein

• Host: E Coli or Yeast or Baculovirus or Mammalian Cell
• Purity/Purification: Greater or equal to 85% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE.
• Form/Format: Lyophilized or liquid (Format to be determined during the manufacturing process); If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol.; If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyop
• Sequence Positions: 161-522aa, Partial
• Sequence: GASKLRAVLEKLKLSRDDISTAAGMVKGVVDHLLLRLKCDSAFRGVGLLNTGSYYEHVKISAPNEFDVMFKLEVPRIQLEEYSNTRAYYFVKFKRNPKENPLSQFLEGEILSASKMLSKFRKIIKEEINDIKDTDVIMKRKRGGSPAVTLLISEKISVDITLALESKSSWPASTQEGLRIQNWLSAKVRKQLRLKPFYLVPKHAKEGNGFQEETWRLSFSHIEKEILNNHGKSKTCCENKEEKCCRKDCLKLMKYLLEQLKERFKDKKHLDKFSSYHVKTAFFHVCTQNPQDSQWDRKDLGLCFDNCVTYFLQCLRTEKLENYFIPEFNLFSSNLIDKRSKEFLTKQIEYERNNEFPVFDEF

• Species: Human
• Tag: N-terminal 6xHis-tagged
• Function: Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and plays a key role in innate immunity (PubMed:23258413, PubMed:23707061, PubMed:23722159, PubMed:24077100, PubMed:25131990, PubMed:29976794, PubMed:30799039). Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2', 5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3', 5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G (2', 5') pA (3', 5') p] (PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28214358). Acts as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses (PubMed:28363908). Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production (PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28314590). Preferentially recognizes and binds curved long DNAs (PubMed:30007416). In contrast to other mammals, human CGAS displays species-specific mechanisms of DNA recognition and produces less cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), allowing a more fine-tuned response to pathogens (PubMed:30007416). Has antiviral activity by sensing the presence of dsDNA from DNA viruses in the cytoplasm (PubMed:28363908). Also acts as an innate immune sensor of infection by retroviruses, such as HIV-1, by detecting the presence of reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol (PubMed:23929945). Detection of retroviral reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol may be indirect and be mediated via interaction with PQBP1, which directly binds reverse-transcribed retroviral DNA (PubMed:26046437). Also detects the presence of DNA from bacteria, such as M.tuberculosis (PubMed:26048138). cGAMP can be transferred from producing cells to neighboring cells through gap junctions, leading to promote TMEM173/STING activation and convey immune response to connecting cells (PubMed:24077100). cGAMP can also be transferred between cells by virtue of packaging within viral particles contributing to IFN-induction in newly infected cells in a cGAS-independent but TMEM173/STING-dependent manner (PubMed:26229115). In addition to antiviral activity, also involved in the response to cellular stresses, such as senescence, DNA damage or genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889). Acts as a regulator of cellular senescence by binding to cytosolic chromatin fragments that are present in senescent cells, leading to trigger type-I interferon production via TMEM173/STING and promote cellular senescence (By similarity). Also involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks: acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889). Micronuclei, which as frequently found in cancer cells, consist of chromatin surrounded by its own nuclear membrane: following breakdown of the micronuclear envelope, a process associated with chromothripsis, CGAS binds self-DNA exposed to the cytosol, leading to cGAMP synthesis and subsequent activation of TMEM173/STING and type-I interferon production (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889). Acts as a suppressor of DNA repair in response to DNA damage: translocates to the nucleus following dephosphorylation at Tyr-215 and inhibits homologous recombination repair by interacting with PARP1, the CGAS-PARP1 interaction leading to impede the formation of the PARP1-TIMELESS complex (PubMed:30356214).
• Reconstitution: We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20 degree C/-80 degree C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
• Preparation and Storage: Store at -20 degrees C. For long-term storage, store at -20 degrees C or -80 degrees C. Store working aliquots at 4 degrees C for up to one week. Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended.

Product Categories/Family for CGAS recombinant protein

Cell Biology

References

"The innate immune DNA sensor cGAS produces a noncanonical cyclic dinucleotide that activates human STING."Diner E.J., Burdette D.L., Wilson S.C., Monroe K.M., Kellenberger C.A., Hyodo M., Hayakawa Y., Hammond M.C., Vance R.E.Cell Rep. 3:1355-1361 (2013)

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 115511030
• NCBI GeneID: 115004
• NCBI Accession #: NP_612450
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_138441.2
• UniProt Accession #: Q8N884; Q14CV6; Q32NC9; Q5SWL0; Q5SWL1; Q96E45; L0L2J9
• Molecular Weight: 49,762 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: Mab-21 domain containing 1
• NCBI Official Symbol: MB21D1
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: cGAS; h-cGAS; C6orf150
• NCBI Protein Information: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
• UniProt Protein Name: Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
• UniProt Gene Name: MB21D1
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: C6orf150; cGAMP synthase; cGAS; h-cGAS
• UniProt Entry Name: CGAS_HUMAN

Uniprot Description

MB21D1: Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP. Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2',5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3',5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p]. Has antiviral activity by acting as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses. Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production.

Protein type: Enzyme, cellular metabolism; EC 2.7.7.86

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6q13

Cellular Component: cytosol

Molecular Function: ATP binding; DNA binding; GTP binding; metal ion binding

Biological Process: activation of innate immune response; cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process; defense response to virus; innate immune response; positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; positive regulation of interferon type I production