anti-Human, Mouse PKR Antibody | anti-PKR antibody

PKR (Phospho-Thr451) Antibody

Cat. Num. AAA8510282

• Gene Names: EIF2AK2; PKR; PRKR; EIF2AK1; PPP1R83
• Reactivity: Human, Mouse
• Applications: Immunohistochemistry, ELISA
• Purity: Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
• Synonyms: PKR; PKR (Phospho-Thr451) Antibody; EIF2AK2; Interferon-induced; double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase; anti-PKR antibody

• Reactivity: Human, Mouse
• Specificity: PKR (phospho-Thr451) antibody detects endogenous levels of PKR only when phosphorylated at threonine 451.
• Purity/Purification: Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
• Form/Format: In phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
• Sequence Length: 551

• Applicable Applications for anti-PKR antibody: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA (EIA)
• Application Notes: IHC: 1:50-1:100; ELISA: 1:20000
• Immunogen: The antiserum was produced against synthesized phosphopeptide derived from human PKR around the phosphorylation site of threonine 451(K-G-TP-L-R).
• All Sites: Human: Thr451; Mouse: Thr414
• Preparation and Storage: Store at-20 degree C for 1 year

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

(P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using PKR (phospho-Thr451) antibody.)

References

Ingrid K. Ruf, et, al. (2005) J. Virol; 79: 14562-14569. Christy M. Hebner, et, al. (2006) J. Gen. Virol; 87: 3183-3193. Rika van Huizen, et, al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem; 278: 15558-15564.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 208431827
• NCBI GeneID: 5610
• NCBI Accession #: NP_001129123.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_001135651.2
• UniProt Accession #: P19525; Q52M43; Q7Z6F6; Q9UIR4; A8K3P0; D6W584; E9PC80
• Molecular Weight: 57,391 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform a
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2
• NCBI Official Symbol: EIF2AK2
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: PKR; PRKR; EIF2AK1; PPP1R83
• NCBI Protein Information: interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
• UniProt Protein Name: Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
• UniProt Gene Name: EIF2AK2
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: PKR; PRKR; eIF-2A protein kinase 2; PKR; Protein kinase R

NCBI Description

The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by autophosphorylation after binding to dsRNA. The activated form of the encoded protein can phosphorylate translation initiation factor EIF2S1, which in turn inhibits protein synthesis. This protein is also activated by manganese ions and heparin. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

Uniprot Description

IFN-induced dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection and is also involved in the regulation of signal transduction, apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation. Exerts its antiviral activity on a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), measles virus (MV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1). Inhibits viral replication via phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2S1), this phosphorylation impairs the recycling of EIF2S1 between successive rounds of initiation leading to inhibition of translation which eventually results in shutdown of cellular and viral protein synthesis. Also phosphorylates other substrates including p53/TP53, PPP2R5A, DHX9, ILF3, IRS1 and the HHV-1 viral protein US11. In addition to serine/threonine-protein kinase activity, also has tyrosine-protein kinase activity and phosphorylates CDK1 at 'Tyr-4' upon DNA damage, facilitating its ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Either as an adapter protein and/or via its kinase activity, can regulate various signaling pathways (p38 MAP kinase, NF-kappa-B and insulin signaling pathways) and transcription factors (JUN, STAT1, STAT3, IRF1, ATF3) involved in the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and IFNs. Activates the NF-kappa-B pathway via interaction with IKBKB and TRAF family of proteins and activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway via interaction with MAP2K6. Can act as both a positive and negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway (ISP). Negatively regulates ISP by inducing the inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at 'Ser-312' and positively regulates ISP via phosphorylation of PPP2R5A which activates FOXO1, which in turn up-regulates the expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2). Can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the activation of NLRP3, NLRP1, AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Can trigger apoptosis via FADD-mediated activation of CASP8. Plays a role in the regulation of the cytoskeleton by binding to gelsolin (GSN), sequestering the protein in an inactive conformation away from actin.