Background: Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, also known as GDNF, is a founding member of the GDNF family of ligands (GFL). In humans, it is encoded by the GDNF gene. This gene mapped to 5p13.3-p13.1. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Hirschsprung's disease. GDNF is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons. The most prominent feature of GDNF is its ability to support the survival of dopaminergic and motorneurons. It promotes the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in culture, and was able to prevent apoptosis of motor neurons induced by axotomy. It also regulates kidney development and spermatogenesis, and it affects alcohol consumption.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene encodes a highly conserved neurotrophic factor. The recombinant form of this protein was shown to promote the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in culture, and was able to prevent apoptosis of motor neurons induced by axotomy. The encoded protein is processed to a mature secreted form that exists as a homodimer. The mature form of the protein is a ligand for the product of the RET (rearranged during transfection) protooncogene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Hirschsprung disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]
Uniprot Description
Function: Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake. Ref.1
Subunit structure: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Ref.1 Ref.11 Ref.14
Subcellular location: Secreted Ref.10.
Tissue specificity: In the brain, predominantly expressed in the striatum with highest levels in the caudate and lowest in the putamen. Isoform 2 is absent from most tissues except for low levels in intestine and kidney. Highest expression of isoform 3 is found in pancreatic islets. Isoform 5 is expressed at very low levels in putamen, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus and intestine. Isoform 3 is up-regulated in the middle temporal gyrus of Alzheimer disease patients while isoform 2 shows no change. Ref.2 Ref.12
Induction: By cAMP, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and FGF2. Ref.10
Involvement in disease: Hirschsprung disease 3 (HSCR3) [MIM:613711]: A disorder of neural crest development characterized by absence of enteric ganglia along a variable length of the intestine. It is the most common cause of congenital intestinal obstruction. Early symptoms range from complete acute neonatal obstruction, characterized by vomiting, abdominal distention and failure to pass stool, to chronic constipation in the older child.Note: The disease may be caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.19Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) [MIM:209880]: Rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.18
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.
Research Articles on GDNF
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Product Notes
The Human GDNF gdnf (Catalog #AAA355310) is an ELISA Kit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The AAA355310 ELISA Kit recognizes Human GDNF. AAA Biotech's GDNF can be used in a range of immunoassay formats including, but not limited to, Quantitative sELISA (EIA). For quantitative detection of GDNF in human serum, body fluids, tissue lysates or cell culture supernatants. Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the GDNF gdnf for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "GDNF, ELISA Kit" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
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