Histone H2AX (H2AFX) Recombinant Protein | H2AFX recombinant protein

Recombinant Human Histone H2AX (H2AFX), partial

Cat. Num. AAA719381

• Gene Names: H2AFX; H2AX; H2A.X; H2A/X
• Purity: Greater or equal to 85% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE.
• Synonyms: Histone H2AX (H2AFX); Recombinant Human Histone H2AX (H2AFX); partial; Histone H2A.X; H2AFX recombinant protein

• Host: E Coli or Yeast or Baculovirus or Mammalian Cell
• Purity/Purification: Greater or equal to 85% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE.
• Form/Format: Lyophilized or liquid (Format to be determined during the manufacturing process)
• Sequence Positions: 12-141aa, Partial
• Sequence: RAKAKSRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRKGHYAERVGAGAPVYLAAVLEYLTAEILELAGNAARDNKKTRIIPRHLQLAIRNDEELNKLLGGVTIAQGGVLPNIQAVLLPKKTSATVGPKAPSGGKKATQASQ

• Species: Homo sapiens (Human)
• Subcellular Location: Nucleus, Chromosome
• Protein Families: Histone H2A family
• Pathway: Necroptosis
• Relevance: Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation.
• Function: Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation.
• Reconstitution: We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20 degree C/-80 degree C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
• Preparation and Storage: Store at -20 degree C. For extended storage, store at -20 or -80 degree C.

Product Categories/Family for H2AFX recombinant protein

Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling

References

"H2A.X. a histone isoprotein with a conserved C-terminal sequence, is encoded by a novel mRNA with both DNA replication type and polyA 3' processing signals."Mannironi C., Bonner W.M., Hatch C.L.Nucleic Acids Res. 17:9113-9126(1989)
https://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/gene_symbol_report?hgnc_id=HGNC:4739
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/UniGene/clust.cgi?ORG=Hs&CID=477879
https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:3014
https://string-db.org/network/9606.ENSP00000364310
https://www.omim.org/entry/601772601772601772

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 4504253
• NCBI GeneID: 3014
• NCBI Accession #: NP_002096.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_002105.2
• UniProt Accession #: P16104; Q4ZGJ7; Q6IAS5
• Molecular Weight: 15,145 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: histone H2A.x
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: H2A histone family, member X
• NCBI Official Symbol: H2AFX
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: H2AX; H2A.X; H2A/X
• NCBI Protein Information: histone H2A.x; H2AX histone
• UniProt Protein Name: Histone H2A.x
• UniProt Gene Name: H2AFX
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: H2AX; H2a/x
• UniProt Entry Name: H2AX_HUMAN

NCBI Description

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family, and generates two transcripts through the use of the conserved stem-loop termination motif, and the polyA addition motif. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Uniprot Description

H2AX: a histone that replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Phosphorylated on S139 by ATM and DNA-PK in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by exogenous genotoxic agents and by stalled replication forks, and may also occur during meiotic recombination events and immunoglobulin class switching in lymphocytes. Phosphorylation can extend up to several thousand nucleosomes from the actual site of the DSB and may mark the surrounding chromatin for recruitment of proteins required for DNA damage signaling and repair. Widespread phosphorylation may also serve to amplify the damage signal or aid repair of persistent lesions. Dephosphorylation of S139 by PP2A is required for DNA DSB repair. Apparently phosphorylated on Y143 by WSTF, determining the relative recruitment of either DNA repair or pro-apoptotic factors. H2AXpY142 favors the recruitment of pro-apoptotic factors APBB1 and JNK1. In contrast, dephosphorylation of pY143 by EYA phosphatases favors the recruitment of MDC1-containing DNA repair complexes to the tail of phosphorylated pS139. Monoubiquitination of K119 by RING1 and RNF2/RING2 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'K63' linkages by the E2 ligase UBE2N and the E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168, leading to the recruitment of repair proteins to sites of DNA damage.

Protein type: Helicase; DNA-binding; DNA repair, damage

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11q23.3

Cellular Component: male germ cell nucleus; nucleoplasm; XY body; chromosome, telomeric region; condensed nuclear chromosome; nuclear chromatin; replication fork; nucleosome; nucleus

Molecular Function: protein binding; enzyme binding; DNA binding; histone binding; protein heterodimerization activity; damaged DNA binding

Biological Process: nucleosome assembly; positive regulation of DNA repair; meiotic cell cycle; double-strand break repair; DNA damage checkpoint; spermatogenesis; response to ionizing radiation; DNA repair; response to DNA damage stimulus; double-strand break repair via homologous recombination