ApoE2 active protein

Human ApoE2

Cat. Num. AAA691845

• Gene Names: APOE; AD2; LPG; LDLCQ5
• Reactivity: Human
• Purity: > 90% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses
• Synonyms: ApoE2; Human ApoE2; Recombinant Human ApoE2; ApoE2 active protein

• Host: E Coli
• Reactivity: Human
• Purity/Purification: > 90% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses
• Form/Format: Lyophilized; 20 mM Sodium Phosphate, pH 7.8 + 0.5 mM DTT
• Sequence: MKVEQAVETE PEPELRQQTE WQSGQRWELA LGRFWDYLRW VQTLSE QVQE ELLSSQVTQE LRALMDETMK ELKAYKSELE EQLTPVAEET R ARLSKELQA AQARLGADME DVCGRLVQYR GEVQAMLGQS TEELRVR LAS HLRKLRKRLL RDADDLQKCL AVYQAGAREG AERGLSAIRE RL GPLVEQGR VRAATVGSLA GQPLQERAQA WGERLRARME EMGSRTRD RL DEVKEQVAEV RAKLEEQAQQ IRLQAEAFQA RLKSWFEPLV EDM QRQWAGL VEKVQAAVGT SAAPVPSDNH
• Sequence Length: 317

• Endotoxin Level: < 0.1 ng/ug of protein (<1EU/ug)
• Length (aa): 300
• Biological Activity: Data not available.
• Reconstitution: Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in 20 mM Sodium Phosphate, pH 7.8 + 0.5 mM DTT to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Do not vortex. This solution can be stored at 2-8°C. For extended storage, it is recommended to further dilute in a buffer (e.g. PBS) containing a carrier protein (example 0.1% BSA) and store in working aliquots at -20°C to -80°C.
• Preparation and Storage: The lyophilized protein is stable at 4°C. Reconstituted working aliquots are stable at 2°C to 8°C.

Related Product Information for ApoE2 active protein

ApoE belongs to a group of proteins that bind reversibly with lipoprotein and play an important role in lipid metabolism. In addition to facilitating solublization of lipids, these proteins help to maintain the structural integrity of lipoproteins, serve as ligands for lipoprotein receptors, and regulate the activity of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Significant quantities of ApoE are produced in liver and brain and to some extent in almost every organ. ApoE is an important constituent of all plasma lipoproteins. Its interaction with specific ApoE receptor enables uptake of chylomicron remnants by liver cells, which is an essential step during normal lipid metabolism. It also binds with the LDL receptor (apo B/E). Defects in ApoE are a cause of hyperlipoproteinemia type III. ApoE exists in three major isoforms; E2, E3, and E4, which differ from one another by a single amino-acid substitution. Compared with E3 and E4, E2 exhibits the lowest receptor binding affinity. E2 allele carriers had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as increased ApoE levels. Recombinant human ApoE2 is a 34.3 kDa protein containing 300 amino acid residues.

Product Categories/Family for ApoE2 active protein

Cytokines & Growth Factors

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 4557325
• NCBI GeneID: 348
• NCBI Accession #: NP_000032.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_000041.2
• UniProt Accession #: P02649; Q9P2S4; B2RC15; C0JYY5
• Molecular Weight: 34.3 kDa
• NCBI Official Full Name: apolipoprotein E
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: apolipoprotein E
• NCBI Official Symbol: APOE
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: AD2; LPG; LDLCQ5
• NCBI Protein Information: apolipoprotein E; apo-E; apolipoprotein E3
• UniProt Protein Name: Apolipoprotein E
• UniProt Gene Name: APOE
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: Apo-E
• UniProt Entry Name: APOE_HUMAN

NCBI Description

Chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver. Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Uniprot Description

Function: Mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles. It can serve as a ligand for the LDL (apo B/E) receptor and for the specific apo-E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of hepatic tissues.

Subcellular location: Secreted.

Tissue specificity: Occurs in all lipoprotein fractions in plasma. It constitutes 10-20% of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and 1-2% of high density lipoproteins (HDL). APOE is produced in most organs. Significant quantities are produced in liver, brain, spleen, lung, adrenal, ovary, kidney and muscle.

Post-translational modification: Synthesized with the sialic acid attached by O-glycosidic linkage and is subsequently desialylated in plasma. O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Thr-307 and Thr-314 are minor glycosylation siteS compared to Ser-308. Ref.20Glycated in plasma VLDL of normal subjects, and of hyperglycemic diabetic patients at a higher level (2-3 fold).Phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium.

Polymorphism: Three common APOE alleles have been identified: APOE*2, APOE*3, and APOE*4. The corresponding three major isoforms, E2, E3, and E4, are recognized according to their relative position after isoelectric focusing. Different mutations causing the same migration pattern after isoelectric focusing define different isoform subtypes The most common isoform isE3 and is present in 40-90% of the population. Common APOE variants influence lipoprotein metabolism in healthy individuals.

Involvement in disease: Hyperlipoproteinemia 3 (HLPP3) [MIM:107741]: A disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein particles (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein) rich in cholesterol. Clinical features include xanthomas, yellowish lipid deposits in the palmar crease, or less specific on tendons and on elbows. The disorder rarely manifests before the third decade in men. In women, it is usually expressed only after the menopause.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The vast majority of the patients are homozygous for APOE*2 alleles. More severe cases of HLPP3 have also been observed in individuals heterozygous for rare APOE variants. The influence of APOE on lipid levels is often suggested to have major implications for the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Individuals carrying the common APOE*4 variant are at higher risk of CAD. Ref.16 Ref.26 Ref.27 Ref.29 Ref.39Alzheimer disease 2 (AD2) [MIM:104310]: A late-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, loss of cognitive abilities, and deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. The major constituent of these plaques is the neurotoxic amyloid-beta-APP 40-42 peptide (s), derived proteolytically from the transmembrane precursor protein APP by sequential secretase processing. The cytotoxic C-terminal fragments (CTFs) and the caspase-cleaved products such as C31 derived from APP, are also implicated in neuronal death.Note: Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The APOE*4 allele is genetically associated with the common late onset familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer disease. Risk for AD increased from 20% to 90% and mean age at onset decreased from 84 to 68 years with increasing number of APOE*4 alleles in 42 families with late onset AD. Thus APOE*4 gene dose is a major risk factor for late onset AD and, in these families, homozygosity for APOE*4 was virtually sufficient to cause AD by age 80. The mechanism by which APOE*4 participates in pathogenesis is not known. Ref.16Sea-blue histiocyte disease (SBHD) [MIM:269600]: Characterized by splenomegaly, mild thrombocytopenia and, in the bone marrow, numerous histiocytes containing cytoplasmic granules which stain bright blue with the usual hematologic stains. The syndrome is the consequence of an inherited metabolic defect analogous to Gaucher disease and other sphingolipidoses.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.16 Ref.33 Ref.36Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) [MIM:611771]: Uncommon kidney disease characterized by proteinuria, progressive kidney failure, and distinctive lipoprotein thrombi in glomerular capillaries.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.16 Ref.30 Ref.32 Ref.37Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) [MIM:143890]: Common autosomal semi-dominant disease that affects about 1 in 500 individuals. The receptor defect impairs the catabolism of LDL, and the resultant elevation in plasma LDL-cholesterol promotes deposition of cholesterol in the skin (xanthelasma), tendons (xanthomas), and coronary arteries (atherosclerosis).Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.16 Ref.40

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.