SDS-PAGE
CDK5 recombinant protein
CDK5, Unactive recombinant protein
SDS-PAGE
SDS-PAGE
Scientific Background: CDK5 is a member of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase family that is most abundant in the mammalian brain. Active form of CDK5, which has also been called neuronal cdc2-like kinase, is a heterodimer of CDK5 and a 25 kDa protein which is derived proteolytically from a 35 kDa brain and neuron-specific protein and is essential for the kinase activity of CDK5 (1). CDK5 has emerged as a crucial regulator of neuronal migration in the developing central nervous system. CDK5 phosphorylates a diverse list of substrates, implicating it in the regulation of a range of cellular processes - from adhesion and motility, to synaptic plasticity and drug addiction (2).
2. Dhavan, R. et al: A decade of CDK5.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Oct;2(10):749-59.
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI Description
This gene encodes a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of proteins. Unlike other members of the family, the protein encoded by this gene does not directly control cell cycle regulation. Instead the protein, which is predominantly expressed at high levels in mammalian postmitotic central nervous system neurons, functions in diverse processes such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal migration through phosphorylation of proteins required for cytoskeletal organization, endocytosis and exocytosis, and apoptosis. In humans, an allelic variant of the gene that results in undetectable levels of the protein has been associated with lethal autosomal recessive lissencephaly-7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015]
Uniprot Description
Function: Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive cell cycle re-entry. Interacts with D1 and D3-type G1 cyclins. Phosphorylates SRC, NOS3, VIM/vimentin, p35/CDK5R1, MEF2A, SIPA1L1, SH3GLB1, PXN, PAK1, MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, DNM1, AMPH, SYNJ1, CDK16, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42, TONEBP/NFAT5, MAPT/TAU, MAP1B, histone H1, p53/TP53, HDAC1, APEX1, PTK2/FAK1, huntingtin/HTT, ATM, MAP2, NEFH and NEFM. Regulates several neuronal development and physiological processes including neuronal survival, migration and differentiation, axonal and neurite growth, synaptogenesis, oligodendrocyte differentiation, synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission, by phosphorylating key proteins. Activated by interaction with CDK5R1 (p35) and CDK5R2 (p39), especially in post-mitotic neurons, and promotes CDK5R1 (p35) expression in an autostimulation loop. Phosphorylates many downstream substrates such as Rho and Ras family small GTPases (e.g. PAK1, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42) or microtubule-binding proteins (e.g. MAPT/TAU, MAP2, MAP1B), and modulates actin dynamics to regulate neurite growth and/or spine morphogenesis. Phosphorylates also exocytosis associated proteins such as MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, and CDK16/PCTAIRE1 as well as endocytosis associated proteins such as DNM1, AMPH and SYNJ1 at synaptic terminals. In the mature central nervous system (CNS), regulates neurotransmitter movements by phosphorylating substrates associated with neurotransmitter release and synapse plasticity; synaptic vesicle exocytosis, vesicles fusion with the presynaptic membrane, and endocytosis. Promotes cell survival by activating anti-apoptotic proteins BCL2 and STAT3, and negatively regulating of JNK3/MAPK10 activity. Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 in response to genotoxic and oxidative stresses enhances its stabilization by preventing ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation, and induces transactivation of p53/TP53 target genes, thus regulating apoptosis. Phosphorylation of p35/CDK5R1 enhances its stabilization by preventing calpain-mediated proteolysis producing p25/CDK5R1 and avoiding ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation. During aberrant cell-cycle activity and DNA damage, p25/CDK5 activity elicits cell-cycle activity and double-strand DNA breaks that precedes neuronal death by deregulating HDAC1. DNA damage triggered phosphorylation of huntingtin/HTT in nuclei of neurons protects neurons against polyglutamine expansion as well as DNA damage mediated toxicity. Phosphorylation of PXN reduces its interaction with PTK2/FAK1 in matrix-cell focal adhesions (MCFA) during oligodendrocytes (OLs) differentiation. Negative regulator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Activator of the GAIT (IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation) pathway, which suppresses expression of a post-transcriptional regulon of proinflammatory genes in myeloid cells; phosphorylates the linker domain of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) in a IFN-gamma-dependent manner, the initial event in assembly of the GAIT complex. Phosphorylation of SH3GLB1 is required for autophagy induction in starved neurons. Phosphorylation of TONEBP/NFAT5 in response to osmotic stress mediates its rapid nuclear localization. MEF2 is inactivated by phosphorylation in nucleus in response to neurotoxin, thus leading to neuronal apoptosis. APEX1 AP-endodeoxyribonuclease is repressed by phosphorylation, resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and contributing to neuronal death. NOS3 phosphorylation down regulates NOS3-derived nitrite (NO) levels. SRC phosphorylation mediates its ubiquitin-dependent degradation and thus leads to cytoskeletal reorganization. May regulate endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis via the modulation of lamellipodia formation. Involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis by mediating the EFNA1-EPHA4 signaling. Ref.3 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.24 Ref.28 Ref.29 Ref.32 Ref.33 Ref.35 Ref.36 Ref.37
Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by 2-(1-ethyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-isopropylpurine (roscovitine), 1-isopropyl-4-aminobenzyl-6-ether-linked benzimidazoles, resveratrol, AT-7519 and olomoucine. Activated by CDK5R1 (p35) and CDK5R2 (p39) during the development of the nervous system; degradation of CDK5R1 (p35) and CDK5R2 (p39) by proteasome result in down regulation of kinase activity, during this process, CDK5 phosphorylates p35 and induces its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Kinase activity is mainly determined by the amount of p35 available and subcellular location; reversible association to plasma membrane inhibits activity. Long-term inactivation as well as CDK5R1 (p25)-mediated hyperactivation of CDK5 triggers cell death. The pro-death activity of hyperactivated CDK5 is suppressed by membrane association of CDK5, via myristoylation of p35. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor (NGF), retinoic acid, laminin and neuregulin promote activity. Neurotoxicity enhances nuclear activity, thus leading to MEF2 phosphorylation and inhibition prior to apoptosis of cortical neurons. Repression by GSTP1 via p25/p35 translocation prevents neurodegeneration. Ref.8 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.19 Ref.34
Subunit structure: Heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit CDK5 and a regulatory subunit CDK5R1 (p25) and macromolecular complex composed of at least CDK5, CDK5R1 (p35) and CDK5RAP1 or CDK5RAP2 or CDK5RAP3. Only the heterodimer shows kinase activity. Under neurotoxic stress and neuronal injury conditions, p35 is cleaved by calpain to generate p25 that hyperactivates CDK5, that becomes functionally disabled and often toxic. Found in a trimolecular complex with CABLES1 and ABL1. Interacts with CABLES1 and CABLES2
By similarity. Interacts with AATK and GSTP1. Binds to HDAC1 when in complex with p25. Interaction with myristoylation p35 promotes CDK5 association with membranes. Both isoforms 1 and 2 interacts with beta-catenin/CTNNB1. Interacts with delta-catenin/CTNND2 and APEX1. Interacts with P53/TP53 in neurons. Interacts with EPHA4; may mediate the activation of NGEF by EPHA4. Interacts with PTK2/FAK1
By similarity. Ref.3 Ref.12 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.20 Ref.34
Subcellular location: Isoform 1: Cytoplasm. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Perikaryon. Cell projection › lamellipodium
By similarity. Cell projection › growth cone
By similarity. Cell junction › synapse › postsynaptic cell membrane › postsynaptic density
By similarity. Note: In axonal growth cone with extension to the peripheral lamellipodia
By similarity. Under neurotoxic stress and neuronal injury conditions, CDK5R (p35) is cleaved by calpain to generate CDK5R1 (p25) in response to increased intracellular calcium. The elevated level of p25, when in complex with CDK5, leads to its subcellular misallocation as well as its hyperactivation. Colocalizes with CTNND2 in the cell body of neuronal cells, and with CTNNB1 in the cell-cell contacts and plasma membrane of undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Reversibly attached to the plasma membrane in an inactive form when complexed to dephosphorylated p35 or CDK5R2 (p39), p35 phosphorylation releases this attachment and activates CDK5. Ref.3 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.20 Ref.22 Ref.33Isoform 2: Nucleus Ref.3 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.20 Ref.22 Ref.33.
Tissue specificity: Isoform 1 is ubiquitously expressed. Accumulates in cortical neurons (at protein level). Isoform 2 has only been detected in testis, skeletal muscle, colon, bone marrow and ovary. Ref.3 Ref.16
Post-translational modification: Phosphorylation on Tyr-15 by ABL1 and FYN, and on Ser-159 by casein kinase 1 promotes kinase activity. By contrast, phosphorylation at Thr-14 inhibits activity.Phosphorylation at Ser-159 is essential for maximal catalytic activity.
Miscellaneous: Dysregulation of CDK5 is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Niemann-Pick type C diseases, ischemia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Sequence similarities: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
Research Articles on CDK5
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Product Notes
The CDK5 cdk5 (Catalog #AAA515235) is a Recombinant Protein produced from E Coli and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The tag for this protein is GST tag!!Expression System||E.coli!!Source Note||Recombinant full-length human CDK4 was expressed in E. coli cells. AAA Biotech's CDK5 can be used in a range of immunoassay formats including, but not limited to, Kinase Assay, Western Blot (WB). Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the CDK5 cdk5 for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "CDK5, Recombinant Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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