Prothrombin Protein | F2 protein

Prothrombin, Mouse

Cat. Num. AAA635199

• Gene Names: F2; PT; THPH1; RPRGL2
• Purity: Purified; Bovine prothrombin is prepared from fresh bovine plasma using a modification of the procedure described by Owen, et al. (3). Purity is determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. Activity is measured by clotting and/or chromogenic substrate assay, follow
• Synonyms: Prothrombin; Mouse; F2 protein

• Host: Bovine plasma
• Purity/Purification: Purified; Bovine prothrombin is prepared from fresh bovine plasma using a modification of the procedure described by Owen, et al. (3). Purity is determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. Activity is measured by clotting and/or chromogenic substrate assay, follow
• Form/Format: Supplied as a liquid in 50% glycerol/H2O.

• Mode of Action: Zymogen; precursor to the serine protease a-thrombin
• Structure: Single chain, NH2-terminal gla domain, two kringle regions
• Post-translational Modifications: Ten gla residues (4,5)
• Preparation and Storage: May be stored at 4 degree C for short-term only. For long-term storage, store at -20 degree C. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months at -20 degree C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

Related Product Information for F2 protein

Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein which is synthesized in the liver (1). Prior to secretion into plasma, prothrombin undergoes post-translational modification by a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase which converts ten specific glutamic acid residues to g-carboxyglutamic acid (gla). The ten gla residues are located within the first 40 amino acids of the mature protein and contribute to the ability of prothrombin to bind to negatively charged phospholipid membranes. Prothrombin contains two regions of internal homology which are referred to as "kringle" structures. These regions of conspicuous secondary structure are located between residues 40 and 270 of the mature plasma protein and replace the growth factor domains found in several other plasma serine proteases. Thus far, no function has been ascribed to these regions, but there is suspicion that they may play a role in one of several binary protein interactions involving prothrombin. The mature single chain protein circulates in plasma as a zymogen and, during coagulation, is proteolytically activated to the potent serine protease a-thrombin. This proteolysis is catalyzed by the prothrombinase enzyme complex. During activation, human prothrombin is cleaved at Arg273-Thr274 and at Arg323-Ser324 to yield a "pro" fragment (fragment 1.2) and thrombin, the latter of which is composed of two chains covalently linked by a disulfide bond.

Product Categories/Family for F2 protein

Molecular Biology; MB-Coagulation Factors

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 4503635
• NCBI GeneID: 2147
• NCBI Accession #: NP_000497.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_000506.3
• UniProt Accession #: P00734; Q4QZ40; Q53H04; Q53H06; Q7Z7P3; Q9UCA1; B2R7F7; B4E1A7
• Molecular Weight: 72,000
• NCBI Official Full Name: prothrombin preproprotein
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: coagulation factor II (thrombin)
• NCBI Official Symbol: F2
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: PT; THPH1; RPRGL2
• NCBI Protein Information: prothrombin; serine protease; prothrombin B-chain; prepro-coagulation factor II
• UniProt Protein Name: Prothrombin
• Protein Family: Prothrombin
• UniProt Gene Name: F2
• UniProt Entry Name: THRB_HUMAN

NCBI Description

Coagulation factor II is proteolytically cleaved to form thrombin in the first step of the coagulation cascade which ultimately results in the stemming of blood loss. F2 also plays a role in maintaining vascular integrity during development and postnatal life. Mutations in F2 leads to various forms of thrombosis and dysprothrombinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Uniprot Description

prothrombin: Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing. Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D). It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels. Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR); also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1). It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2). A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.

Protein type: Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide; EC 3.4.21.5; Protease; Apoptosis

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11p11

Cellular Component: extracellular space; Golgi lumen; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: protein binding; growth factor activity; serine-type endopeptidase activity; calcium ion binding; receptor binding

Biological Process: positive regulation of blood coagulation; multicellular organismal development; positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process; proteolysis; regulation of cell shape; negative regulation of fibrinolysis; cell surface receptor linked signal transduction; positive regulation of cell proliferation; acute-phase response; response to wounding; negative regulation of proteolysis; platelet activation; cytosolic calcium ion homeostasis; post-translational protein modification; positive regulation of cell growth; peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; fibrinolysis; cellular protein metabolic process; regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation; regulation of blood coagulation; positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; blood coagulation; leukocyte migration; blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway

Disease: Thrombophilia Due To Thrombin Defect; Stroke, Ischemic; Pregnancy Loss, Recurrent, Susceptibility To, 2; Prothrombin Deficiency, Congenital