Testing Data
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Histones Protein
Histones
Purity
PurifiedPurified (> 90% pure). Crude blend of extracted histones that are unfractionated and unpurified. May contain numerous subfractions due to acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation of various amino acid residues.
Synonyms
Histones; Histones protein
Host
Calf Thymus
Purity/Purification
Purified
Purified (> 90% pure). Crude blend of extracted histones that are unfractionated and unpurified. May contain numerous subfractions due to acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation of various amino acid residues.
Purified (> 90% pure). Crude blend of extracted histones that are unfractionated and unpurified. May contain numerous subfractions due to acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation of various amino acid residues.
Form/Format
Supplied as an ethanol dried powder.
CAS Number
37244-51-2
Appearance
White to off white powder.
Solubility
Soluble in PBS or water soluble, pH7.0
Quality Control
SDS-PAGE
A260(mg/ml)
0.178
A280(mg/ml)
0.288
A280/A260
1.162
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with sterile physiological saline, PBS, pH 7.1, or water when pH is adjusted to neutral.
Preparation and Storage
4 degree C
Testing Data
()
Testing Data
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Related Product Information for Histones protein
Autoantibodies to histone antigens have been described in patients with idiopathic and drug-induced SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, and other conditions. Histones are a group of similar, small, highly conserved nuclear proteins that bind to DNA by their many basic residues. The presence of autoantibodies to histones are frequently found in several rheumatic disorders (1). In one study, the predominant responses to histones in SLE sera were to H1, H2b, and H3. Marked elevations of binding occurred to H1 and H2b in 33% of patients, while 25% showed higher binding to H3 (2). The same study showed the highest anti-histone reactivity to be in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis, while the highest reactivity in SLE sera was in those patients with a history of photosensitivity (3).
In diploid eukaryotic cells, the chromatin fibers are about 20nM in diameter. They consist of two major components in equal amounts, DNA and basic proteins called histones. The histones are a group of water and dilute acid soluble basic proteins found associated with DNA in chromosomes. They are characterized by relatively high levels of lysine and arginine. Although histones are classified into a limited number of types of fractions (see below) with each particular fraction having a fundamentally distinct amino acid composition and sequence, numerous subfractions are observed due to the acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation of various amino acid residues. Microheterogeneity or alteration of structure is dynamic such that the histones of a single cell type are found to vary during development. They are believed to play a role in gene activity and cellular metabolism.
Histones are believed to be regularly arranged in the deep groove of the DNA helix. The recurring positive charges of the histones form electrostatic associations with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA making the DNA more stable and flexible. This allows for the supercoiling of the chromatin fibers.
With the exception of H1, the primary structures of the calf thymus histones have been determined. Comparisons with the structures for histones from other sources indicate that the histones rank among the most highly conserved (low mutation rate) proteins in nature.
The nucleoprotein complex of histone and deoxyribonucleic acid is referred to as nucleohistone or deoxyribonucleoprotein. It is important as a source of its two components as well as an entity in itself for physical studies. Intracellularly, these complexes may be important factors in chromosomal structure and gene transcription. Kornberg (1974) has proposed a model for chromatin in which 200 DNA base pairs are coiled on the outside of a histone unit composed of (H3)2(H4)2 tetramer and two each of H2a and H2b.
In diploid eukaryotic cells, the chromatin fibers are about 20nM in diameter. They consist of two major components in equal amounts, DNA and basic proteins called histones. The histones are a group of water and dilute acid soluble basic proteins found associated with DNA in chromosomes. They are characterized by relatively high levels of lysine and arginine. Although histones are classified into a limited number of types of fractions (see below) with each particular fraction having a fundamentally distinct amino acid composition and sequence, numerous subfractions are observed due to the acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation of various amino acid residues. Microheterogeneity or alteration of structure is dynamic such that the histones of a single cell type are found to vary during development. They are believed to play a role in gene activity and cellular metabolism.
Histones are believed to be regularly arranged in the deep groove of the DNA helix. The recurring positive charges of the histones form electrostatic associations with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA making the DNA more stable and flexible. This allows for the supercoiling of the chromatin fibers.
With the exception of H1, the primary structures of the calf thymus histones have been determined. Comparisons with the structures for histones from other sources indicate that the histones rank among the most highly conserved (low mutation rate) proteins in nature.
The nucleoprotein complex of histone and deoxyribonucleic acid is referred to as nucleohistone or deoxyribonucleoprotein. It is important as a source of its two components as well as an entity in itself for physical studies. Intracellularly, these complexes may be important factors in chromosomal structure and gene transcription. Kornberg (1974) has proposed a model for chromatin in which 200 DNA base pairs are coiled on the outside of a histone unit composed of (H3)2(H4)2 tetramer and two each of H2a and H2b.
Product Categories/Family for Histones protein
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI GI #
NCBI Accession #
NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #
NCBI Official Full Name
histones H3 and H4
Similar Products
Product Notes
The Histones (Catalog #AAA634742) is a Protein produced from Calf Thymus and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "Histones, Protein" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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