Sheep Prothrombin Fragments Polyclonal Antibody | anti-F2 antibody

Sheep anti-human Prothrombin Fragment 2, Affinity-Purified IgG

Cat. Num. AAA512145

• Gene Names: F2; PT; THPH1; RPRGL2
• Purity: Fragment -2, affinity purified IgG.; Vial containing ml of IgG purified by affinitychromatography on immobilized prothrombin fragment 2. Total protein is 0.5 mg.
• Synonyms: Prothrombin Fragments; Polyclonal Antibody; Sheep anti-human Prothrombin Fragment 2; Affinity-Purified IgG; human; anti-F2 antibody

• Host: Sheep
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Specificity: This antibody is specific for the fragment 2 region of prothrombin as demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis and direct ELISA.
• Purity/Purification: Fragment -2, affinity purified IgG.; Vial containing ml of IgG purified by affinitychromatography on immobilized prothrombin fragment 2. Total protein is 0.5 mg.
• Form/Format: Affinity-purified IgG (APIgG), clear liquid.
• Concentration: APIgG concentration is mg/ml, determined by absorbance using an extinction coefficient (E1%280) of 13.4. (varies by lot)

• Application Notes: Suitable as a source of enriched antibodies to human prothrombin fragment 2.Not determined
• Immunogen: Human prothrombin purified from plasma.
• Buffer: 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 50% (v/v) glycerol.
• Neutralizing Activity: Not determined
• Preparation and Storage: Store between -10 and -20 degree C. Product will become viscous but will not freeze. Avoid storage in frost-free freezers. Keep vial tightly capped. Allow product to warm to room temperature and gently mix before use.

Related Product Information for anti-F2 antibody

Prothrombin (factor II, FII) is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein produced in the liver. The concentration of prothrombin in plasma is ~100 ug/ml (~1.4 uM). Prothrombin is a single chain molecule with a molecular weight of 72 kDa. Prothrombin consists of a catalytic domain followed by two kringle structures and an amino-terminal domain containing 10 gamma-carboxy-glutamic acid (gla) residues. These gla residues allow prothrombin to bind to membranes that contain acidic phospholipids in a calcium dependent manner. The binding to membranes is required for effective presentation of prothrombin as a substrate for activation by the prothrombinase complex, which consists of activated factor X, activated cofactor V and calcium on phospholipid membrane. Activation by prothrombinase occurs by sequential cleavage after residue Arg320 then after Arg271 to produce the active protease alpha-thrombin (37 kDa) and the byproduct prothrombin fragment 1.2 (35 kDa). The product thrombin further cleaves prothrombin fragment 1.2 after residue Arg155 into individual prothrombin fragments 1 and 2. The activity of alpha-thrombin in plasma is inhibited primarily by antithrombin and the rate of inhibition is accelerated 1000-fold in the presence of optimal concentrations of heparin. Other physiological inhibitors of thrombin in the absence of heparin include alpha2macroglobulin and alpha1antitrypsin1-3.

References

1. Mann KG; Prothrombin and Thrombin; in Hemostasis and Thrombosis, 3rd Edition, eds. RW Colman, J Hirsh, VJ Marder and EW Salzman, pp. 184-199, J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia PA, USA, 1994.
2. Mann KG; Prothrombin; Methods in Enzymology 45, pp 123-156, 1976.
3. Downing MW, Bloom JW, Mann KG; Comparison of the Inhibition of Thrombin by Three Plasma Protease Inhibitors; Biochemistry 17, pp 2649-2653, 1978.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 4503635
• NCBI GeneID: 2147
• NCBI Accession #: NP_000497.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_000506.3
• UniProt Accession #: P00734; Q4QZ40; Q53H04; Q53H06; Q7Z7P3; Q9UCA1; B2R7F7; B4E1A7
• Molecular Weight: 70,037 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: prothrombin preproprotein
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: coagulation factor II (thrombin)
• NCBI Official Symbol: F2
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: PT; THPH1; RPRGL2
• NCBI Protein Information: prothrombin; serine protease; prothrombin B-chain; prepro-coagulation factor II
• UniProt Protein Name: Prothrombin
• Protein Family: Prothrombin
• UniProt Gene Name: F2
• UniProt Entry Name: THRB_HUMAN

NCBI Description

Coagulation factor II is proteolytically cleaved to form thrombin in the first step of the coagulation cascade which ultimately results in the stemming of blood loss. F2 also plays a role in maintaining vascular integrity during development and postnatal life. Mutations in F2 leads to various forms of thrombosis and dysprothrombinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Uniprot Description

Function: Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing. Ref.13

Catalytic activity: Selective cleavage of Arg-|-Gly bonds in fibrinogen to form fibrin and release fibrinopeptides A and B.

Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by SERPINA5. Ref.11

Subunit structure: Heterodimer (named alpha-thrombin) of a light and a heavy chain; disulfide-linked. Forms a heterodimer with SERPINA5.

Subcellular location: Secreted › extracellular space.

Tissue specificity: Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma.

Post-translational modification: The gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues, which bind calcium ions, result from the carboxylation of glutamyl residues by a microsomal enzyme, the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. The modified residues are necessary for the calcium-dependent interaction with a negatively charged phospholipid surface, which is essential for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.N-glycosylated. N-glycan heterogeneity at Asn-121: Hex3HexNAc3 (minor), Hex4HexNAc3 (minor) and Hex5HexNAc4 (major). At Asn-143: Hex4HexNAc3 (minor) and Hex5HexNAc4 (major). Ref.22

Involvement in disease: Factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:613679]: A very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.2 Ref.35 Ref.36 Ref.37 Ref.38 Ref.39 Ref.40 Ref.41 Ref.42 Ref.43 Ref.44 Ref.45Ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367]: A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.Note: Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.15Thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:188050]: A multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis.Pregnancy loss, recurrent, 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:614390]: A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.Note: Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.14

Pharmaceutical use: The peptide TP508 also known as Chrysalin (Orthologic) could be used to accelerate repair of both soft and hard tissues.

Miscellaneous: Prothrombin is activated on the surface of a phospholipid membrane that binds the amino end of prothrombin and factors Va and Xa in Ca-dependent interactions; factor Xa removes the activation peptide and cleaves the remaining part into light and heavy chains. The activation process starts slowly because factor V itself has to be activated by the initial, small amounts of thrombin.It is not known whether 1 or 2 smaller activation peptides, with additional cleavage after Arg-314, are released in natural blood clotting.Thrombin can itself cleave the N-terminal fragment (fragment 1) of the prothrombin, prior to its activation by factor Xa.The cleavage after Arg-198, observed in vitro, does not occur in plasma.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.Contains 1 Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain.Contains 2 kringle domains.Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain.